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The function crash_prepare_elf64_headers() generates the elfcorehdr which
describes the CPUs and memory in the system for the crash kernel. In
particular, it writes out ELF PT_NOTEs for memory regions and the CPUs in
the system.
With respect to the CPUs, the current implementation utilizes
for_each_present_cpu() which means that as CPUs are added and removed, the
elfcorehdr must again be updated to reflect the new set of CPUs.
The reasoning behind the move to use for_each_possible_cpu(), is:
- At kernel boot time, all percpu crash_notes are allocated for all
possible CPUs; that is, crash_notes are not allocated dynamically
when CPUs are plugged/unplugged. Thus the crash_notes for each
possible CPU are always available.
- The crash_prepare_elf64_headers() creates an ELF PT_NOTE per CPU.
Changing to for_each_possible_cpu() is valid as the crash_notes
pointed to by each CPU PT_NOTE are present and always valid.
Furthermore, examining a common crash processing path of:
kernel panic -> crash kernel -> makedumpfile -> 'crash' analyzer
elfcorehdr /proc/vmcore vmcore
reveals how the ELF CPU PT_NOTEs are utilized:
- Upon panic, each CPU is sent an IPI and shuts itself down, recording
its state in its crash_notes. When all CPUs are shutdown, the
crash kernel is launched with a pointer to the elfcorehdr.
- The crash kernel via linux/fs/proc/vmcore.c does not examine or
use the contents of the PT_NOTEs, it exposes them via /proc/vmcore.
- The makedumpfile utility uses /proc/vmcore and reads the CPU
PT_NOTEs to craft a nr_cpus variable, which is reported in a
header but otherwise generally unused. Makedumpfile creates the
vmcore.
- The 'crash' dump analyzer does not appear to reference the CPU
PT_NOTEs. Instead it looks-up the cpu_[possible|present|onlin]_mask
symbols and directly examines those structure contents from vmcore
memory. From that information it is able to determine which CPUs
are present and online, and locate the corresponding crash_notes.
Said differently, it appears that 'crash' analyzer does not rely
on the ELF PT_NOTEs for CPUs; rather it obtains the information
directly via kernel symbols and the memory within the vmcore.
(There maybe other vmcore generating and analysis tools that do use these
PT_NOTEs, but 'makedumpfile' and 'crash' seems to be the most common
solution.)
This results in the benefit of having all CPUs described in the
elfcorehdr, and therefore reducing the need to re-generate the elfcorehdr
on CPU changes, at the small expense of an additional 56 bytes per PT_NOTE
for not-present-but-possible CPUs.
On systems where kexec_file_load() syscall is utilized, all the above is
valid. On systems where kexec_load() syscall is utilized, there may be
the need for the elfcorehdr to be regenerated once. The reason being that
some archs only populate the 'present' CPUs from the
/sys/devices/system/cpus entries, which the userspace 'kexec' utility uses
to generate the userspace-supplied elfcorehdr. In this situation, one
memory or CPU change will rewrite the elfcorehdr via the
crash_prepare_elf64_headers() function and now all possible CPUs will be
described, just as with kexec_file_load() syscall.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20230814214446.6659-8-eric.devolder@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Eric DeVolder <eric.devolder@oracle.com>
Suggested-by: Sourabh Jain <sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Sourabh Jain <sourabhjain@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Akhil Raj <lf32.dev@gmail.com>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Cc: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Cc: Mimi Zohar <zohar@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Naveen N. Rao <naveen.n.rao@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: Sean Christopherson <seanjc@google.com>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Thomas Weißschuh <linux@weissschuh.net>
Cc: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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| README | ||
Linux kernel
============
There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.
In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``. The formatted documentation can also be read online at:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/
There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.