Process ACPI DSM function 11 to get 6 GHz VLP support by country. If
not allowed, return error to block the connection. By default, i.e.
ACPI DSM function is not configured, disallow 6 GHz VLP on country US
and country CA, because some platform-level certifications are needed
in FCC regulation before operating on 6 GHz VLP connection.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250709065006.32028-5-pkshih@realtek.com
ACPI DSM function 10 is defined for the enablement for Realtek regulatory
rules. The first rule is whether to allow regd_UK regulatory settings or
not. If not, the strict one, i.e. regd_ETSI, regulatory settings will be
used on country GB.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250709065006.32028-4-pkshih@realtek.com
Originally, fields of ACPI DSM function 6 were handled for countries
following specific regulatory.
BIT(0) for countries following FCC regulatory
BIT(1) for countries following IC regulatory
Now, update to the following (one field for one specific country).
BIT(0) for country US
BIT(1) for country CA
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250709065006.32028-3-pkshih@realtek.com
ACPI DSM function 7 is used to decide whether 6 GHz Standard Power
(SP) is allowed on given countries. Now, add BIT(1) for country CA.
Besides, for searching country index, replace for-loop with index
getter function.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250709065006.32028-2-pkshih@realtek.com
A new ACPI table entry format for TAS is defined, which includes
a "specific country" field. In this field, determine which
country can enable TAS.
Signed-off-by: Kuan-Chung Chen <damon.chen@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250422014620.18421-3-pkshih@realtek.com
Before adopting regd_UK TX power settings, some certifications are needed
and might be platform-level. Without that, should adopt regd_ETSI TX power
settings. But for now, there is no way to inform driver of it yet. So, add
a flag first. But for now, comprehensively use regd_ETSI TX power settings
to restrict regd_UK.
Plan to define an ACPI DSM function to inform driver whether to use regd_UK
own TX power settings or not afterwards.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250416081241.36138-4-pkshih@realtek.com
Introduce a function to get the string for a given regulatory. It will be
used in the following. Besides, drop similar things in debug code and use
this too.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250326020643.14487-3-pkshih@realtek.com
The dynamic antenna gain (DAG) considers the country, meaning DAG can
be activated only when countries and regulatory domains allow it.
Signed-off-by: Kuan-Chung Chen <damon.chen@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250306021144.12854-4-pkshih@realtek.com
TAS state switching mechanism now incorporates the TX ratio as a
decision parameter. The average power calculation has been improved
by using a higher resolution conversion from dBm to linear. During
scan or MCC operations, TAS state is forced to static SAR and
suspend the average power calculation. Additionally, TAS window
size depends on the regulatory domain and band to ensure compliance.
TAS is enabled when permitted by the regulatory domain and is
currently supported on the 8852CE.
For debugging, add a flag to disable_dm that can stop TAS mechanism.
Co-developed-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kuan-Chung Chen <damon.chen@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250306021144.12854-3-pkshih@realtek.com
Since there are two function features for now, func_bitmap[] has single
one element, which BITMAP_FROM_U64() generating two elements is exceeded.
Change to assign function bitmap barely.
With i386-allmodconfig (a 32 bit system), it throws
>> include/linux/bitmap.h:736:33: warning: excess elements in array initializer
736 | ((unsigned long) ((u64)(n) >> 32))
| ^
drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/regd.c:16:34: note: in expansion of macro 'BITMAP_FROM_U64'
16 | .func_bitmap = { BITMAP_FROM_U64(_fmap), }, \
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
drivers/net/wireless/realtek/rtw89/regd.c:20:9: note: in expansion of macro 'COUNTRY_REGD'
20 | COUNTRY_REGD("00", RTW89_WW, RTW89_WW, RTW89_WW, 0x0);
| ^~~~~~~~~~~~
Fixes: 79a36fc56b ("wifi: rtw89: regd: handle supported regulatory functions by country")
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202502031932.BMQ4lhJT-lkp@intel.com/
Cc: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250205014051.13765-1-pkshih@realtek.com
With spatch script, already remove most driver mutex and generate
lockdep_assert_wiphy(), and some are needed to refine manually further to
be expected:
- lockdep_assert_wiphy() always be the first statement in function
- return directly rather than unnecessary goto
- change assert from mutex to wiphy lock, which script can't convert
automatically.
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250122060310.31976-9-pkshih@realtek.com
The regulatory and wiphy setup should be done in rtw89_regd_setup(). And,
what rtw89_regd_init() should do is to initialize target regulatory domain
(regd), if and only if one is programmed in efuse. Since HW is registered
after rtw89_regd_setup() and before rtw89_regd_init(), do not fill fields
of regulatory in rtw89_regd_init(). So, move the regulatory->reg_6ghz_power
assignment into rtw89_regd_setup().
Besides, rtw89_regd_notifier is assigned in rtw89_regd_setup() instead of
rtw89_regd_init(). To reduce confusion, stop passing rtw89_regd_notifier to
rtw89_regd_init(). And, rename rtw89_regd_init() to rtw89_regd_init_hint().
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250120032723.19042-4-pkshih@realtek.com
There are two regulatory functions including TAS (Time Average SAR) and
DAG (Dynamic Antenna Gain) for now. They are used to improve RF behavior.
But, availability depends on country. Extend regd map to record the status
of whether a country allows to enable certain regulatory functions.
Also, extend the handling of loading regd map via FW element for this.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250120032723.19042-3-pkshih@realtek.com
Regd table is a table that we use to describe how to map Realtek RF TX
power settings on different countries. Originally, a common regd table
for all chips is implemented in driver. However, in order to work on all
chips, the common regd table might have some trade-off. So now, there are
also an individual regd table for some chips. And, we support loading it
from FW element.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250120032723.19042-2-pkshih@realtek.com
Sync Realtek Channel Plan R68 and Realtek Regulatory R51.
Configure 6 GHz field of Realtek regd for the following countries.
BO, DO, EG, LS, MZ, NG, OM, ZW, PK, PH, TH, KM, CG, CD,
GE, GI, GU, LR, MH, FM, MP, PW, MF, SX, SZ, TZ, VI
Besides, add entries for the following countries.
CU, SY, SD
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20241206055716.18598-7-pkshih@realtek.com
The drv_priv hooked to mac80211 become as below.
(drv_priv) (instance-0)
+---------------+ +-----------+ +----------------+
| ieee80211_vif | <---> | rtw89_vif | -------> | rtw89_vif_link |
+---------------+ +-----------+ | +----------------+
|
| (instance-1)
| +----------------+
+---> | rtw89_vif_link |
+----------------+
(drv_priv) (instance-0)
+---------------+ +-----------+ +----------------+
| ieee80211_sta | <---> | rtw89_sta | -------> | rtw89_sta_link |
+---------------+ +-----------+ | +----------------+
|
| (instance-1)
| +----------------+
+---> | rtw89_sta_link |
+----------------+
The relation bewteen mac80211 link_id and our link instance is like below.
|\
(link_id) | \
0 -------- | |
1 -------- | | ------ instance-0 (link_id: X) -> work on HW band 0
2 -------- | |
... | | ------ instance-1 (link_id: Y) -> work on HW band 1
14 -------- | |
| /
|/
N.B. For cases of non-MLD connection, we set our link instance-0
active with link_id 0. So, our code flow can be compatible between
non-MLD connection and MLD connection.
Based on above, we tweak entire driver architecture first. But, we don't
dynamically enable multiple links here. That will be handled separately.
Most of the things changed here are changing flows to iterate all active
links and read bss_conf/link_sta data according to target link. And, for
cases of scan, ROC, WOW, we use instance-0 to deal with the request.
There are some things listed below, which work for now but need to extend
before multiple active links.
1. tx path
select suitable link instance among multiple active links
2. rx path
determine rx link by PPDU instead of always link instance-0
3. CAM
apply MLD pairwise key to any active links dynamically
Besides, PS code cannot easily work along with tweaking architecture. With
supporting MLO flag (currently false), we disable PS first and will fix it
by another commit in the following.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20240916053158.47350-8-pkshih@realtek.com
Tweak code to not always access vif->bss_conf directly. Instead,
according to link_id, read target bss_conf from vif->link_conf[].
For now, rtwvif_link->link_id keeps 0. When driver starts to
support MLO, the link_id will be assigned.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20240916053158.47350-4-pkshih@realtek.com
This is an intermediate version that is separated from subsequent major
MLO changes, so some functions' namings are not really determined here.
e.g. struct rtw89_vif_link *vif_to_rtwvif_safe(struct ieee80211_vif *vif)
No logic is changed.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20240916053158.47350-2-pkshih@realtek.com
Originally, we planed to fill MAC_0/1 indicators with chanctx and
use sub_entity_xxx for these things. However, there are some reasons
listed below which make us give up this plan after we know our Wi-Fi 7
HW design.
1. one link is bound to one HW band during its life time
but, one link might change chanctx dynamically
2. in concurrent mode, assume 1st vif is MLD
1st vif's 2nd link might use the same chanctx as 2nd vif
but, they are not on the same HW band
So, we let sub_entity_xxx stuffs deal with only chanctx now. And, to be
more readable, we rename sub_entity related words to chanctx.
No logic is changed.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20240727080650.12195-4-pkshih@realtek.com
Calculate a TX power constraint based on content of ieee80211 Transmit
Power Envelope (TPE). Since HW control registers aren't designed as many
as all kinds of TPE fields, we strictly intersect all TPE inputs in driver.
Then, according to result, constrain TX power via TX power limit/limit_RU.
Besides, extend dbgfs txpwr_table to show info about 6 GHz regulatory.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20240626023237.7901-1-pkshih@realtek.com
According to BIOS configuration of Realtek ACPI DSM function 7,
RTW89_ACPI_DSM_FUNC_6GHZ_SP_SUP, we handle the regd policy of 6 GHz SP.
If BIOS indicates to override driver settings, we only allow the countries,
which are enabled by BIOS, to use 6 GHz SP power. Other countries will be
applied to select default power when recalculating 6 GHz regulatory power
selection.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://msgid.link/20240412115729.8316-9-pkshih@realtek.com
Originally, we have an ACPI function to determine whether to enable UNII-4.
Since IC (Industry Canada) has allowed UNII-4, the ACPI result is extended
to be two bits as below.
* BIT(0): determine if rtw89_regd::FCC enable UNII-4
* BIT(1): determine if rtw89_regd::IC enable UNII-4
Besides, to take old platforms into account, we enable UNII-4 on IC if and
only if BIOS configuration enable it.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://msgid.link/20240412115729.8316-7-pkshih@realtek.com
We allow 6 GHz on target regd if and only if
1. it is a specific country, i.e. not any world-wide cases
2. its 6 GHz is not blocked
So, for world-wide cases, their 6 GHz will be blocked now.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Link: https://msgid.link/20240412115729.8316-6-pkshih@realtek.com
Sync Realtek Regulatory R44 and Realtek Channel Plan R65.
Configure 6 GHz field of Realtek regd on SG, TW, GD.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231114091359.50664-4-pkshih@realtek.com
According to BIOS configuration of Realtek ACPI DSM function 4,
RTW89_ACPI_DSM_FUNC_6G_BP, we handle the regd policy of 6 GHz.
Policy defines two modes as below.
1. `BLOCK` mode:
The countries in configured list are blocked.
2. `ALLOW` mode:
_Only_ the countries in configured list are allowed.
(i.e. others are all blocked.)
Then, when receiving regulatory notification at runtime, if 6 GHz
is blocked on the country, 6 GHz channels will be disabled.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231114091359.50664-3-pkshih@realtek.com
Realtek ACPI DSM func 4, RTW89_ACPI_DSM_FUNC_6G_BP,
accepts a configuration via ACPI buffer as below.
| index | description |
-------------------------
| [0-2] | signature |
| [3] | reserved |
| [4] | policy mode |
| [5] | country count |
| [6-] | country list |
Through this function, BIOS can indicate to allow/block
6 GHz on some specific countries. Still, driver should
follow regd first before taking this configuration into
account.
Besides, add a bit in debug mask for ACPI.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20231114091359.50664-2-pkshih@realtek.com
Realtek RFE (RF Front End) parameters can consider Thailand individually
now, so we add it into regulation type enum. Then, we map country code TH
to RTW89_ETSI/RTW89_THAILAND according to band. The RF TX power tables will
add entries for RTW89_THAILAND in the following.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
There were are a number of cases in mac80211 and iwlwifi (at
least) that used the sband->iftype_data pointer directly,
instead of using the accessors to find the right array entry
to use.
Make sparse warn when such a thing is done.
To not have a lot of casts, add two helper functions/macros
- ieee80211_set_sband_iftype_data()
- for_each_sband_iftype_data()
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes.berg@intel.com>
Configure the corresponding power type for 6 GHz regulatory if we can
determine one single target. Otherwise, we use the default one.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230602150556.36777-5-pkshih@realtek.com
Update notes:
According to Realtek Regulatory R40 and Realtek Channel Plan R64,
configure rtw89_regulatory mapping of 6 GHz for more countries and
adjust rtw89_regulatory mapping of 2/5 GHz for a few countries.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230602150556.36777-4-pkshih@realtek.com
We allow platform to disable 6 GHz on chips, which supports 6 GHz, through
BIOS. Driver will evaluate Realtek acpi DSM with RTW89_ACPI_DSM_FUNC_6G_DIS
(function 3) to get whether 6 GHz should be disabled.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230602150556.36777-3-pkshih@realtek.com
U-NII-4 band, i.e 5.9GHz channels, can be supported by chip 8852C, 8852B
and 8851B. But, it is not supported by chip 8852A. Flag support_unii4 is
added in chip info and defined by chip accordingly to indicate that.
We reference this flag of runtime chip to decide whether to register
5.9GHz channels.
After that, we consider if U-NII-4 band is allowed by our regulatory
rule of U-NII-4. If chip::support_unii4 but not regd::allow_unii4,
we stll do not register 5.9GHz channels.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230508081211.38760-4-pkshih@realtek.com
For realtek regulatory, there are following two kinds of configurations
to determine whether to allow UNII-4 band, i.e. 5.9GHz channels.
1. default setting according to whether chip support it or not
2. evaluate realtek ACPI DSM with RTW89_ACPI_DSM_FUNC_59G_EN (func. 6)
If (1) is false, we won't try (2) and just disallow UNII-4. Otherwise,
if (2) is not supported or returns a non-specific value, we follow the
default setting either. Besides, this commit aims to add decision logic
in rtw89 regulatory. Actually, driver doesn't register UNII-4 yet. That
will be handled by another commit.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230508081211.38760-3-pkshih@realtek.com
We need to invoke the callback of the changed band at the first
set_channel() after every power-off. Originally, we forced the
channel to be 0 when doing power-off, and then determined things
by comparing channel with 0.
However, deciding on such things by channel might be confusing.
It's also confusing to use this kind of decision when we consider
multiple channels in the follow-up patches. So, another flag,
entity_active, is added ahead to HAL to deal with this.
Besides, we also need to check if entity is active when we set
TX power.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220809104952.61355-2-pkshih@realtek.com
Update notes:
Configure rtw89_regulatory for 6G band according to country.
Adjust country GB to use RTW89_UK entry on all bands.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220318023214.32411-5-pkshih@realtek.com
Wrap regd debug dump into a macro and add dump for 6G band field.
Extend the macro used to configure regd table to account for multiple
bands beyond 2G and 5G.
And the follow-up commit will configure the corresponding values for
6G band into regd table.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220318023214.32411-4-pkshih@realtek.com
Start to configure entries with RTW89_QATAR, RTW89_UKRAINE, RTW89_CN.
Adjust some entries with explicit rtw89_regulatory instead of RTW89_WW.
Signed-off-by: Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@codeaurora.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211101093106.28848-5-pkshih@realtek.com
This driver named rtw89, which is the next generation of rtw88, supports
Realtek 8852AE 802.11ax 2x2 chip whose new features are OFDMA, DBCC,
Spatial reuse, TWT and BSS coloring; now some of them aren't implemented
though.
The chip architecture is entirely different from the chips supported by
rtw88 like RTL8822CE 802.11ac chip. First of all, register address ranges
are totally redefined, so it's impossible to reuse register definition. To
communicate with firmware, new H2C/C2H format is proposed. In order to have
better utilization, TX DMA flow is changed to two stages DMA. To provide
rich RX status information, additional RX PPDU packets are added.
Since there are so many differences mentioned above, we decide to propose
a new driver. It has many authors, they are listed in alphabetic order:
Chin-Yen Lee <timlee@realtek.com>
Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Po Hao Huang <phhuang@realtek.com>
Tzu-En Huang <tehuang@realtek.com>
Vincent Fann <vincent_fann@realtek.com>
Yan-Hsuan Chuang <tony0620emma@gmail.com>
Zong-Zhe Yang <kevin_yang@realtek.com>
Tested-by: Aaron Ma <aaron.ma@canonical.com>
Tested-by: Brian Norris <briannorris@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Ping-Ke Shih <pkshih@realtek.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalle Valo <kvalo@codeaurora.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211008035627.19463-1-pkshih@realtek.com
