selftests/futex: Add futex_priv_hash

Test the basic functionality of the private hash:
- Upon start, with no threads there is no private hash.
- The first thread initializes the private hash.
- More than four threads will increase the size of the private hash if
  the system has more than 16 CPUs online.
- Once the user sets the size of private hash, auto scaling is disabled.
- The user is only allowed to use numbers to the power of two.
- The user may request the global or make the hash immutable.
- Once the global hash has been set or the hash has been made immutable,
  further changes are not allowed.
- Futex operations should work the whole time. It must be possible to
  hold a lock, such a PI initialised mutex, during the resize operation.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250416162921.513656-21-bigeasy@linutronix.de

tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/.gitignore

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 # SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+futex_priv_hash
+futex_requeue
 futex_requeue_pi
 futex_requeue_pi_mismatched_ops
 futex_requeue_pi_signal_restart
+futex_wait
 futex_wait_private_mapped_file
 futex_wait_timeout
 futex_wait_uninitialized_heap
 futex_wait_wouldblock
-futex_wait
-futex_requeue
 futex_waitv

tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/Makefile

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ TEST_GEN_PROGS := \
 	futex_wait_private_mapped_file \
 	futex_wait \
 	futex_requeue \
+	futex_priv_hash \
 	futex_waitv
 
 TEST_PROGS := run.sh

tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/futex_priv_hash.c

@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <linux/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+
+#include "logging.h"
+
+#define MAX_THREADS	64
+
+static pthread_barrier_t barrier_main;
+static pthread_mutex_t global_lock;
+static pthread_t threads[MAX_THREADS];
+static int counter;
+
+#ifndef PR_FUTEX_HASH
+#define PR_FUTEX_HASH			78
+# define PR_FUTEX_HASH_SET_SLOTS	1
+# define PR_FUTEX_HASH_GET_SLOTS	2
+# define PR_FUTEX_HASH_GET_IMMUTABLE	3
+#endif
+
+static int futex_hash_slots_set(unsigned int slots, int immutable)
+{
+	return prctl(PR_FUTEX_HASH, PR_FUTEX_HASH_SET_SLOTS, slots, immutable);
+}
+
+static int futex_hash_slots_get(void)
+{
+	return prctl(PR_FUTEX_HASH, PR_FUTEX_HASH_GET_SLOTS);
+}
+
+static int futex_hash_immutable_get(void)
+{
+	return prctl(PR_FUTEX_HASH, PR_FUTEX_HASH_GET_IMMUTABLE);
+}
+
+static void futex_hash_slots_set_verify(int slots)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = futex_hash_slots_set(slots, 0);
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		error("Failed to set slots to %d\n", errno, slots);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+	ret = futex_hash_slots_get();
+	if (ret != slots) {
+		error("Set %d slots but PR_FUTEX_HASH_GET_SLOTS returns: %d\n",
+		       errno, slots, ret);
+		exit(1);
+	}
+}
+
+static void futex_hash_slots_set_must_fail(int slots, int immutable)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = futex_hash_slots_set(slots, immutable);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return;
+
+	fail("futex_hash_slots_set(%d, %d) expected to fail but succeeded.\n",
+	       slots, immutable);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+static void *thread_return_fn(void *arg)
+{
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void *thread_lock_fn(void *arg)
+{
+	pthread_barrier_wait(&barrier_main);
+
+	pthread_mutex_lock(&global_lock);
+	counter++;
+	usleep(20);
+	pthread_mutex_unlock(&global_lock);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void create_max_threads(void *(*thread_fn)(void *))
+{
+	int i, ret;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < MAX_THREADS; i++) {
+		ret = pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, thread_fn, NULL);
+		if (ret) {
+			error("pthread_create failed\n", errno);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void join_max_threads(void)
+{
+	int i, ret;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < MAX_THREADS; i++) {
+		ret = pthread_join(threads[i], NULL);
+		if (ret) {
+			error("pthread_join failed for thread %d\n", errno, i);
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static void usage(char *prog)
+{
+	printf("Usage: %s\n", prog);
+	printf("  -c    Use color\n");
+	printf("  -g    Test global hash instead intead local immutable \n");
+	printf("  -h    Display this help message\n");
+	printf("  -v L  Verbosity level: %d=QUIET %d=CRITICAL %d=INFO\n",
+	       VQUIET, VCRITICAL, VINFO);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int futex_slots1, futex_slotsn, online_cpus;
+	pthread_mutexattr_t mutex_attr_pi;
+	int use_global_hash = 0;
+	int ret;
+	char c;
+
+	while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "cghv:")) != -1) {
+		switch (c) {
+		case 'c':
+			log_color(1);
+			break;
+		case 'g':
+			use_global_hash = 1;
+			break;
+		case 'h':
+			usage(basename(argv[0]));
+			exit(0);
+			break;
+		case 'v':
+			log_verbosity(atoi(optarg));
+			break;
+		default:
+			usage(basename(argv[0]));
+			exit(1);
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	ret = pthread_mutexattr_init(&mutex_attr_pi);
+	ret |= pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol(&mutex_attr_pi, PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT);
+	ret |= pthread_mutex_init(&global_lock, &mutex_attr_pi);
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		fail("Failed to initialize pthread mutex.\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	/* First thread, expect to be 0, not yet initialized */
+	ret = futex_hash_slots_get();
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		error("futex_hash_slots_get() failed: %d\n", errno, ret);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	ret = futex_hash_immutable_get();
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		error("futex_hash_immutable_get() failed: %d\n", errno, ret);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	ret = pthread_create(&threads[0], NULL, thread_return_fn, NULL);
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		error("pthread_create() failed: %d\n", errno, ret);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	ret = pthread_join(threads[0], NULL);
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		error("pthread_join() failed: %d\n", errno, ret);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	/* First thread, has to initialiaze private hash */
+	futex_slots1 = futex_hash_slots_get();
+	if (futex_slots1 <= 0) {
+		fail("Expected > 0 hash buckets, got: %d\n", futex_slots1);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	online_cpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
+	ret = pthread_barrier_init(&barrier_main, NULL, MAX_THREADS + 1);
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		error("pthread_barrier_init failed.\n", errno);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	ret = pthread_mutex_lock(&global_lock);
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		error("pthread_mutex_lock failed.\n", errno);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	counter = 0;
+	create_max_threads(thread_lock_fn);
+	pthread_barrier_wait(&barrier_main);
+
+	/*
+	 * The current default size of hash buckets is 16. The auto increase
+	 * works only if more than 16 CPUs are available.
+	 */
+	if (online_cpus > 16) {
+		futex_slotsn = futex_hash_slots_get();
+		if (futex_slotsn < 0 || futex_slots1 == futex_slotsn) {
+			fail("Expected increase of hash buckets but got: %d -> %d\n",
+			      futex_slots1, futex_slotsn);
+			info("Online CPUs: %d\n", online_cpus);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+	ret = pthread_mutex_unlock(&global_lock);
+
+	/* Once the user changes it, it has to be what is set */
+	futex_hash_slots_set_verify(2);
+	futex_hash_slots_set_verify(4);
+	futex_hash_slots_set_verify(8);
+	futex_hash_slots_set_verify(32);
+	futex_hash_slots_set_verify(16);
+
+	ret = futex_hash_slots_set(15, 0);
+	if (ret >= 0) {
+		fail("Expected to fail with 15 slots but succeeded: %d.\n", ret);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	futex_hash_slots_set_verify(2);
+	join_max_threads();
+	if (counter != MAX_THREADS) {
+		fail("Expected thread counter at %d but is %d\n",
+		       MAX_THREADS, counter);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	counter = 0;
+	/* Once the user set something, auto reisze must be disabled */
+	ret = pthread_barrier_init(&barrier_main, NULL, MAX_THREADS);
+
+	create_max_threads(thread_lock_fn);
+	join_max_threads();
+
+	ret = futex_hash_slots_get();
+	if (ret != 2) {
+		printf("Expected 2 slots, no auto-resize, got %d\n", ret);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	futex_hash_slots_set_must_fail(1 << 29, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Once the private hash has been made immutable or global hash has been requested,
+	 * then this requested can not be undone.
+	 */
+	if (use_global_hash) {
+		ret = futex_hash_slots_set(0, 0);
+		if (ret != 0) {
+			printf("Can't request global hash: %m\n");
+			return 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		ret = futex_hash_slots_set(4, 1);
+		if (ret != 0) {
+			printf("Immutable resize to 4 failed: %m\n");
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	futex_hash_slots_set_must_fail(4, 0);
+	futex_hash_slots_set_must_fail(4, 1);
+	futex_hash_slots_set_must_fail(8, 0);
+	futex_hash_slots_set_must_fail(8, 1);
+	futex_hash_slots_set_must_fail(0, 1);
+	futex_hash_slots_set_must_fail(6, 1);
+
+	ret = pthread_barrier_init(&barrier_main, NULL, MAX_THREADS);
+	if (ret != 0) {
+		error("pthread_barrier_init failed.\n", errno);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	create_max_threads(thread_lock_fn);
+	join_max_threads();
+
+	ret = futex_hash_slots_get();
+	if (use_global_hash) {
+		if (ret != 0) {
+			error("Expected global hash, got %d\n", errno, ret);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (ret != 4) {
+			error("Expected 4 slots, no auto-resize, got %d\n", errno, ret);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = futex_hash_immutable_get();
+	if (ret != 1) {
+		fail("Expected immutable private hash, got %d\n", ret);
+		return 1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}

tools/testing/selftests/futex/functional/run.sh

@@ -82,3 +82,7 @@ echo
 
 echo
 ./futex_waitv $COLOR
+
+echo
+./futex_priv_hash $COLOR
+./futex_priv_hash -g $COLOR