diff --git a/net/ieee802154/6lowpan/reassembly.c b/net/ieee802154/6lowpan/reassembly.c
index c5f86cff06ee..d4b983d17038 100644
--- a/net/ieee802154/6lowpan/reassembly.c
+++ b/net/ieee802154/6lowpan/reassembly.c
@@ -304,17 +304,20 @@ int lowpan_frag_rcv(struct sk_buff *skb, u8 frag_type)
 		goto err;
 	}
 
+	rcu_read_lock();
 	fq = fq_find(net, cb, &hdr.source, &hdr.dest);
 	if (fq != NULL) {
-		int ret, refs = 1;
+		int ret, refs = 0;
 
 		spin_lock(&fq->q.lock);
 		ret = lowpan_frag_queue(fq, skb, frag_type, &refs);
 		spin_unlock(&fq->q.lock);
 
+		rcu_read_unlock();
 		inet_frag_putn(&fq->q, refs);
 		return ret;
 	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 err:
 	kfree_skb(skb);
diff --git a/net/ipv4/inet_fragment.c b/net/ipv4/inet_fragment.c
index 5eb186050013..19fae4811ab2 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/inet_fragment.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/inet_fragment.c
@@ -327,7 +327,8 @@ static struct inet_frag_queue *inet_frag_alloc(struct fqdir *fqdir,
 
 	timer_setup(&q->timer, f->frag_expire, 0);
 	spin_lock_init(&q->lock);
-	refcount_set(&q->refcnt, 3);
+	/* One reference for the timer, one for the hash table. */
+	refcount_set(&q->refcnt, 2);
 
 	return q;
 }
@@ -349,7 +350,11 @@ static struct inet_frag_queue *inet_frag_create(struct fqdir *fqdir,
 	*prev = rhashtable_lookup_get_insert_key(&fqdir->rhashtable, &q->key,
 						 &q->node, f->rhash_params);
 	if (*prev) {
-		int refs = 2;
+		/* We could not insert in the hash table,
+		 * we need to cancel what inet_frag_alloc()
+		 * anticipated.
+		 */
+		int refs = 1;
 
 		q->flags |= INET_FRAG_COMPLETE;
 		inet_frag_kill(q, &refs);
@@ -359,7 +364,6 @@ static struct inet_frag_queue *inet_frag_create(struct fqdir *fqdir,
 	return q;
 }
 
-/* TODO : call from rcu_read_lock() and no longer use refcount_inc_not_zero() */
 struct inet_frag_queue *inet_frag_find(struct fqdir *fqdir, void *key)
 {
 	/* This pairs with WRITE_ONCE() in fqdir_pre_exit(). */
@@ -369,17 +373,11 @@ struct inet_frag_queue *inet_frag_find(struct fqdir *fqdir, void *key)
 	if (!high_thresh || frag_mem_limit(fqdir) > high_thresh)
 		return NULL;
 
-	rcu_read_lock();
-
 	prev = rhashtable_lookup(&fqdir->rhashtable, key, fqdir->f->rhash_params);
 	if (!prev)
 		fq = inet_frag_create(fqdir, key, &prev);
-	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(prev)) {
+	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(prev))
 		fq = prev;
-		if (!refcount_inc_not_zero(&fq->refcnt))
-			fq = NULL;
-	}
-	rcu_read_unlock();
 	return fq;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(inet_frag_find);
diff --git a/net/ipv4/ip_fragment.c b/net/ipv4/ip_fragment.c
index c5f3c810706f..77f395b28ec7 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/ip_fragment.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/ip_fragment.c
@@ -483,18 +483,21 @@ int ip_defrag(struct net *net, struct sk_buff *skb, u32 user)
 	__IP_INC_STATS(net, IPSTATS_MIB_REASMREQDS);
 
 	/* Lookup (or create) queue header */
+	rcu_read_lock();
 	qp = ip_find(net, ip_hdr(skb), user, vif);
 	if (qp) {
-		int ret, refs = 1;
+		int ret, refs = 0;
 
 		spin_lock(&qp->q.lock);
 
 		ret = ip_frag_queue(qp, skb, &refs);
 
 		spin_unlock(&qp->q.lock);
+		rcu_read_unlock();
 		inet_frag_putn(&qp->q, refs);
 		return ret;
 	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	__IP_INC_STATS(net, IPSTATS_MIB_REASMFAILS);
 	kfree_skb(skb);
diff --git a/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_conntrack_reasm.c b/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_conntrack_reasm.c
index f33acb730dc5..d6bd8f7079bb 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_conntrack_reasm.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/netfilter/nf_conntrack_reasm.c
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ int nf_ct_frag6_gather(struct net *net, struct sk_buff *skb, u32 user)
 	struct frag_hdr *fhdr;
 	struct frag_queue *fq;
 	struct ipv6hdr *hdr;
-	int refs = 1;
+	int refs = 0;
 	u8 prevhdr;
 
 	/* Jumbo payload inhibits frag. header */
@@ -477,9 +477,11 @@ int nf_ct_frag6_gather(struct net *net, struct sk_buff *skb, u32 user)
 	hdr = ipv6_hdr(skb);
 	fhdr = (struct frag_hdr *)skb_transport_header(skb);
 
+	rcu_read_lock();
 	fq = fq_find(net, fhdr->identification, user, hdr,
 		     skb->dev ? skb->dev->ifindex : 0);
 	if (fq == NULL) {
+		rcu_read_unlock();
 		pr_debug("Can't find and can't create new queue\n");
 		return -ENOMEM;
 	}
@@ -493,6 +495,7 @@ int nf_ct_frag6_gather(struct net *net, struct sk_buff *skb, u32 user)
 	}
 
 	spin_unlock_bh(&fq->q.lock);
+	rcu_read_unlock();
 	inet_frag_putn(&fq->q, refs);
 	return ret;
 }
diff --git a/net/ipv6/reassembly.c b/net/ipv6/reassembly.c
index 7560380bd587..49740898bc13 100644
--- a/net/ipv6/reassembly.c
+++ b/net/ipv6/reassembly.c
@@ -305,9 +305,7 @@ static int ip6_frag_reasm(struct frag_queue *fq, struct sk_buff *skb,
 	skb_postpush_rcsum(skb, skb_network_header(skb),
 			   skb_network_header_len(skb));
 
-	rcu_read_lock();
 	__IP6_INC_STATS(net, __in6_dev_stats_get(dev, skb), IPSTATS_MIB_REASMOKS);
-	rcu_read_unlock();
 	fq->q.rb_fragments = RB_ROOT;
 	fq->q.fragments_tail = NULL;
 	fq->q.last_run_head = NULL;
@@ -319,9 +317,7 @@ out_oversize:
 out_oom:
 	net_dbg_ratelimited("ip6_frag_reasm: no memory for reassembly\n");
 out_fail:
-	rcu_read_lock();
 	__IP6_INC_STATS(net, __in6_dev_stats_get(dev, skb), IPSTATS_MIB_REASMFAILS);
-	rcu_read_unlock();
 	inet_frag_kill(&fq->q, refs);
 	return -1;
 }
@@ -379,10 +375,11 @@ static int ipv6_frag_rcv(struct sk_buff *skb)
 	}
 
 	iif = skb->dev ? skb->dev->ifindex : 0;
+	rcu_read_lock();
 	fq = fq_find(net, fhdr->identification, hdr, iif);
 	if (fq) {
 		u32 prob_offset = 0;
-		int ret, refs = 1;
+		int ret, refs = 0;
 
 		spin_lock(&fq->q.lock);
 
@@ -391,6 +388,7 @@ static int ipv6_frag_rcv(struct sk_buff *skb)
 				     &prob_offset, &refs);
 
 		spin_unlock(&fq->q.lock);
+		rcu_read_unlock();
 		inet_frag_putn(&fq->q, refs);
 		if (prob_offset) {
 			__IP6_INC_STATS(net, __in6_dev_get_safely(skb->dev),
@@ -400,6 +398,7 @@ static int ipv6_frag_rcv(struct sk_buff *skb)
 		}
 		return ret;
 	}
+	rcu_read_unlock();
 
 	__IP6_INC_STATS(net, ip6_dst_idev(skb_dst(skb)), IPSTATS_MIB_REASMFAILS);
 	kfree_skb(skb);