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License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 15:07:57 +01:00
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
xen: tmem: self-ballooning and frontswap-selfshrinking This patch introduces two in-kernel drivers for Xen transcendent memory ("tmem") functionality that complement cleancache and frontswap. Both use control theory to dynamically adjust and optimize memory utilization. Selfballooning controls the in-kernel Xen balloon driver, targeting a goal value (vm_committed_as), thus pushing less frequently used clean page cache pages (through the cleancache code) into Xen tmem where Xen can balance needs across all VMs residing on the physical machine. Frontswap-selfshrinking controls the number of pages in frontswap, driving it towards zero (effectively doing a partial swapoff) when in-kernel memory pressure subsides, freeing up RAM for other VMs. More detail is provided in the header comment of xen-selfballooning.c. Signed-off-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> [v8: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: set default enablement depending on frontswap] [v7: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix capitalization and punctuation in comments] [v6: fix frontswap-selfshrinking initialization] [v6: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix init pr_infos; add comments about swap] [v5: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: add NULL to attr list; move inits up to decls] [v4: dkiper@net-space.pl: use strict_strtoul plus a few syntactic nits] [v3: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix potential divides-by-zero] [v3: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: add many more comments, fix nits] [v2: rebased to linux-3.0-rc1] [v2: Ian.Campbell@citrix.com: reorganize as new file (xen-selfballoon.c)] [v2: dkiper@net-space.pl: proper access to vm_committed_as] [v2: dkiper@net-space.pl: accounting fixes] Cc: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: <xen-devel@lists.xensource.com>
2011-07-08 12:26:21 -06:00
#ifndef _XEN_TMEM_H
#define _XEN_TMEM_H
xen/tmem: cleanup Use 'bool' for boolean variables. Do proper section placement. Eliminate an unnecessary export. Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com> Acked-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
2012-02-03 15:09:04 +00:00
#include <linux/types.h>
xen: tmem: enable Xen tmem shim to be built/loaded as a module Allow Xen tmem shim to be built/loaded as a module. Xen self-ballooning and frontswap-selfshrinking are now also "lazily" initialized when the Xen tmem shim is loaded as a module, unless explicitly disabled by module parameters. Note runtime dependency disallows loading if cleancache/frontswap lazy initialization patches are not present. If built-in (not built as a module), the original mechanism of enabling via a kernel boot parameter is retained, but this should be considered deprecated. Note that module unload is explicitly not yet supported. [v1: Removed the [CLEANCACHE|FRONTSWAP]_HAS_LAZY_INIT ifdef] [v2: Squashed the xen/tmem: Remove the subsys call patch in] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build (disable_frontswap_selfshrinking undeclared)] Signed-off-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com> Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Andor Daam <andor.daam@googlemail.com> Cc: Florian Schmaus <fschmaus@gmail.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Stefan Hengelein <ilendir@googlemail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-04-30 15:27:00 -07:00
#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_TMEM_MODULE
#define tmem_enabled true
#else
xen: tmem: self-ballooning and frontswap-selfshrinking This patch introduces two in-kernel drivers for Xen transcendent memory ("tmem") functionality that complement cleancache and frontswap. Both use control theory to dynamically adjust and optimize memory utilization. Selfballooning controls the in-kernel Xen balloon driver, targeting a goal value (vm_committed_as), thus pushing less frequently used clean page cache pages (through the cleancache code) into Xen tmem where Xen can balance needs across all VMs residing on the physical machine. Frontswap-selfshrinking controls the number of pages in frontswap, driving it towards zero (effectively doing a partial swapoff) when in-kernel memory pressure subsides, freeing up RAM for other VMs. More detail is provided in the header comment of xen-selfballooning.c. Signed-off-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> [v8: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: set default enablement depending on frontswap] [v7: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix capitalization and punctuation in comments] [v6: fix frontswap-selfshrinking initialization] [v6: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix init pr_infos; add comments about swap] [v5: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: add NULL to attr list; move inits up to decls] [v4: dkiper@net-space.pl: use strict_strtoul plus a few syntactic nits] [v3: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix potential divides-by-zero] [v3: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: add many more comments, fix nits] [v2: rebased to linux-3.0-rc1] [v2: Ian.Campbell@citrix.com: reorganize as new file (xen-selfballoon.c)] [v2: dkiper@net-space.pl: proper access to vm_committed_as] [v2: dkiper@net-space.pl: accounting fixes] Cc: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: <xen-devel@lists.xensource.com>
2011-07-08 12:26:21 -06:00
/* defined in drivers/xen/tmem.c */
xen/tmem: cleanup Use 'bool' for boolean variables. Do proper section placement. Eliminate an unnecessary export. Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com> Acked-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
2012-02-03 15:09:04 +00:00
extern bool tmem_enabled;
xen: tmem: enable Xen tmem shim to be built/loaded as a module Allow Xen tmem shim to be built/loaded as a module. Xen self-ballooning and frontswap-selfshrinking are now also "lazily" initialized when the Xen tmem shim is loaded as a module, unless explicitly disabled by module parameters. Note runtime dependency disallows loading if cleancache/frontswap lazy initialization patches are not present. If built-in (not built as a module), the original mechanism of enabling via a kernel boot parameter is retained, but this should be considered deprecated. Note that module unload is explicitly not yet supported. [v1: Removed the [CLEANCACHE|FRONTSWAP]_HAS_LAZY_INIT ifdef] [v2: Squashed the xen/tmem: Remove the subsys call patch in] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build (disable_frontswap_selfshrinking undeclared)] Signed-off-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Bob Liu <lliubbo@gmail.com> Cc: Wanpeng Li <liwanp@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Andor Daam <andor.daam@googlemail.com> Cc: Florian Schmaus <fschmaus@gmail.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org> Cc: Stefan Hengelein <ilendir@googlemail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-04-30 15:27:00 -07:00
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_SELFBALLOONING
extern int xen_selfballoon_init(bool, bool);
#endif
xen/tmem: cleanup Use 'bool' for boolean variables. Do proper section placement. Eliminate an unnecessary export. Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@suse.com> Acked-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
2012-02-03 15:09:04 +00:00
xen: tmem: self-ballooning and frontswap-selfshrinking This patch introduces two in-kernel drivers for Xen transcendent memory ("tmem") functionality that complement cleancache and frontswap. Both use control theory to dynamically adjust and optimize memory utilization. Selfballooning controls the in-kernel Xen balloon driver, targeting a goal value (vm_committed_as), thus pushing less frequently used clean page cache pages (through the cleancache code) into Xen tmem where Xen can balance needs across all VMs residing on the physical machine. Frontswap-selfshrinking controls the number of pages in frontswap, driving it towards zero (effectively doing a partial swapoff) when in-kernel memory pressure subsides, freeing up RAM for other VMs. More detail is provided in the header comment of xen-selfballooning.c. Signed-off-by: Dan Magenheimer <dan.magenheimer@oracle.com> [v8: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: set default enablement depending on frontswap] [v7: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix capitalization and punctuation in comments] [v6: fix frontswap-selfshrinking initialization] [v6: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix init pr_infos; add comments about swap] [v5: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: add NULL to attr list; move inits up to decls] [v4: dkiper@net-space.pl: use strict_strtoul plus a few syntactic nits] [v3: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: fix potential divides-by-zero] [v3: konrad.wilk@oracle.com: add many more comments, fix nits] [v2: rebased to linux-3.0-rc1] [v2: Ian.Campbell@citrix.com: reorganize as new file (xen-selfballoon.c)] [v2: dkiper@net-space.pl: proper access to vm_committed_as] [v2: dkiper@net-space.pl: accounting fixes] Cc: Jan Beulich <JBeulich@novell.com> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: <xen-devel@lists.xensource.com>
2011-07-08 12:26:21 -06:00
#endif /* _XEN_TMEM_H */
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