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457 lines
21 KiB
HTML
457 lines
21 KiB
HTML
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en">
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<head>
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<title>Introduction to Atom</title>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
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<style type="text/css" media="screen">
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@import "../css/common.css";
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@import "../css/documentation.css";
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#main h2 { font-size: 200%; }
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pre { padding-left: 3em; }
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</style>
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<script type="text/javascript"><!-- --></script>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="logo">
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<h1><a href="/"><span id="feed"><span id="f">F</span><span id="e1">E</span><span id="e2">E</span></span><span id="d">D</span> Validator</a></h1>
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<p>Introduction to Atom</p>
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<a class="skip" href="#startnavigation">Jump to navigation</a>
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</div> <!--logo-->
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<div id="main">
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<h2>Contents</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#whatIsAtom">What is Atom?</a>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#aboutThisDocument">About this document</a></li>
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<li><a href="#sampleFeed">Sample feed</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Feed Elements
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#requiredFeedElements">Required</a></li>
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<li><a href="#recommendedFeedElements">Recommended</a></li>
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<li><a href="#optionalFeedElements">Optional</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Entry Elements
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#requiredEntryElements">Required</a></li>
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<li><a href="#recommendedEntryElements">Recommended</a></li>
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<li><a href="#optionalEntryElements">Optional</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Common Constructs
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#category">Category</a></li>
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<li><a href="#contentElement">Content</a></li>
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<li><a href="#link">Link</a></li>
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<li><a href="#person">Person</a></li>
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<li><a href="#text">Text</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li><a href="#extensibility">Extending Atom</a></li>
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<li><a href="#seeAlso">See Also</a></li>
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</ul>
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<h2>What is Atom?<a id="whatIsAtom" name="whatIsAtom"></a></h2>
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<p>Atom is the name of an XML-based Web content and metadata syndication format, and an application-level protocol for publishing and editing Web resources belonging to periodically updated websites.</p>
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<p>All Atom feeds must be well-formed <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml">XML</a> documents, and are identified with the <code>application/atom+xml</code> media type.</p>
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<h3>About this document<a id="aboutThisDocument" name="aboutThisDocument"> </a></h3>
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<p>This document focuses on
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<a href="rfc4287.html">The Atom Syndication Format</a>
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produced by the
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<a href="http://www.ietf.org/" title="Internet Engineering Task Force">IETF</a>
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<a href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/atompub-charter.html">AtomPub Working Group</a>. In the event that this document differs from the Internet Draft, the Internet Draft is to be considered authoritative.</p>
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<p>General considerations:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>All elements described in this document must be in the <a href="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom</a> namespace.</li>
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<li>All timestamps in Atom must conform to <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3339.html">RFC 3339</a>.</li>
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<li>Unless otherwise specified, all values must be plain text (i.e., no entity-encoded html).</li>
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<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#sec-lang-tag"><code>xml:lang</code></a> may be used to identify the language of any human readable text.</li>
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<li><a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlbase/"><code>xml:base</code></a> may be used to control how relative <abbr title="Universal Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>s are resolved.</li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Sample feed<a id="sampleFeed" name="sampleFeed"> </a></h3>
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<pre>
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
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<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom">
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<title>Example Feed</title>
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<link href="http://example.org/"/>
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<updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
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<author>
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<name>John Doe</name>
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</author>
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<id>urn:uuid:60a76c80-d399-11d9-b93C-0003939e0af6</id>
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<entry>
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<title>Atom-Powered Robots Run Amok</title>
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<link href="http://example.org/2003/12/13/atom03"/>
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<id>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</id>
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<updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
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<summary>Some text.</summary>
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</entry>
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</feed>
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</pre>
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<h2>Elements of <feed></h2>
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A Feed consists of some metadata, followed by any number of entries.
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<h3>Required feed elements<a id="requiredFeedElements" name="requiredFeedElements"> </a></h3>
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<p>Here's a list of the required feed elements, each with a brief description, and an example.</p>
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<table cellspacing="10">
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<tr>
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<th>Element</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">id</td>
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<td valign="top">Identifies the feed using a universally unique and permanent
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<abbr title="Universal Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>.
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If you have a long-term, renewable lease on your Internet domain name,
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then you can feel free to use your website's address.
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<pre><id>http://example.com/</id></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">title</td>
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<td valign="top">Contains a human readable title for the feed. Often the same
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as the title of the associated website. This value should not be blank.
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<pre><title>Example, Inc.</title></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">updated</td>
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<td valign="top">Indicates the last time the feed was modified in a
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significant way.
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<pre><updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated></pre></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3>Recommended feed elements<a id="recommendedFeedElements" name="recommendedFeedElements"> </a></h3>
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Atom makes a number of additional requirements and recommendations for feed elements that you should to be aware of. They are as follows:
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<table cellspacing="10">
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<tr>
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<th>Element</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">author</td>
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<td valign="top">Names one author of the feed. A feed may have multiple
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<code>author</code> elements. A feed must contain at least one
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<code>author</code> element unless <b>all</b> of the <code>entry</code>
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elements contain at least one <code>author</code> element. More
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info <a href="#person">here</a>.
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<pre><author>
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<name>John Doe</name>
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<email>JohnDoe@example.com</email>
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<uri>http://example.com/~johndoe</uri>
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</author></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">link</td>
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<td valign="top">Identifies a related Web page. The type of relation is defined by the <code>rel</code> attribute. A feed is limited to one <code>alternate</code> per <code>type</code> and <code>hreflang</code>. A feed should contain a link back to the feed itself. More info <a href="#link">here</a>.
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<pre><link rel="self" href="/feed" /></pre></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3>Optional feed elements<a id="optionalFeedElements" name="optionalFeedElements"> </a></h3>
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<p>Here's a list of optional feed elements.</p>
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<table cellspacing="10">
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<tr>
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<th>Element</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">category</td>
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<td valign="top">Specifies a category that the feed belongs to. A <code>feed</code> may have multiple <code>category</code> elements. More info <a href="#category">here</a>.
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<pre><category term="sports"/></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">contributor</td>
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<td valign="top">Names one contributor to the feed. An feed may have multiple contributor elements. More info <a href="#person">here</a>.
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<pre><contributor>
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<name>Jane Doe</name>
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</contributor></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">generator</td>
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<td valign="top">Identifies the software used to generate the feed, for debugging and other purposes. Both the <abbr title="Uniform Resource Identifier">uri</abbr> and <code>version</code> attributes are optional.
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<pre><generator uri="/myblog.php" version="1.0">
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Example Toolkit
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</generator></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">icon</td>
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<td valign="top">Identifies a small image which provides iconic visual identification for the feed. Icons should be square.
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<pre><icon>/icon.jpg</icon></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">logo</td>
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<td valign="top">Identifies a larger image which provides visual identification for the feed. Images should be twice as wide as they are tall.
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<pre><logo>/logo.jpg</logo></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">rights</td>
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<td valign="top">Conveys information about rights, e.g. copyrights, held in and over the feed. More info <a href="#text">here</a>.
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<pre><rights> © 2005 John Doe </rights></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">subtitle</td>
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<td valign="top">Contains a human-readable description or subtitle for the feed. More info <a href="#text">here</a>.
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<pre><subtitle>all your examples are belong to us</subtitle></pre></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h2>Elements of <entry></h2>
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An example of an entry would be a single post on a weblog.
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<h3>Required Elements of <entry><a id="requiredEntryElements" name="requiredEntryElements"> </a></h3>
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<p>Here's a list of the required feed elements, each with a brief description, and an example.</p>
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<table cellspacing="10">
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<tr>
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<th>Element</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">id</td>
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<td valign="top">Identifies the entry using a universally unique and permanent
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<abbr title="Universal Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>.
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Suggestions on how to make a good id can be found
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<a href="http://diveintomark.org/archives/2004/05/28/howto-atom-id">here</a>.
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Two entries in a feed can have the same value for id if they represent the
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same entry at different points in time.
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<pre><id>http://example.com/blog/1234</id></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">title</td>
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<td valign="top">Contains a human readable title for the entry.
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This value should not be blank.
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<pre><title>Atom-Powered Robots Run Amok</title></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">updated</td>
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<td valign="top">Indicates the last time the entry was modified in a
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significant way. This value need not change after a typo is fixed, only
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after a substantial modification. Generally, different entries in a feed
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will have different updated timestamps.
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<pre><updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02-05:00</updated></pre></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3>Recommended elements of <entry><a id="recommendedEntryElements" name="recommendedEntryElements"> </a></h3>
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Atom makes a number of additional requirements and recommendations for entry elements that you should to be aware of. They are as follows:
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<table cellspacing="10">
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<tr>
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<th>Element</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">author</td>
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<td valign="top">Names one author of the entry. An entry
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may have multiple authors. An entry must contain at least one
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<code>author</code> element unless there is an <code>author</code> element
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in the enclosing <code>feed</code>, or there is an <code>author</code> element
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in the enclosed <code>source</code> element.
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More info <a href="#person">here</a>.
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<pre><author>
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<name>John Doe</name>
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</author></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">content</td>
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<td valign="top">Contains or links to the complete content of the entry. Content must be provided if there is no <code>alternate</code> link, and should be provided if there is no <code>summary</code>. More info <a href="#content">here</a>.
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<pre><content>complete story here</content></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">link</td>
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<td valign="top">Identifies a related Web page. The type of relation is defined by the <code>rel</code> attribute. An entry is limited to one <code>alternate</code> per <code>type</code> and <code>hreflang</code>. An entry must contain an <code>alternate</code> link if there is no <code>content</code> element. More info <a href="#link">here</a>.
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<pre><link rel="alternate" href="/blog/1234"/></pre></td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">summary</td>
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<td valign="top">Conveys a short summary, abstract, or excerpt of the entry. Summary should be provided if there either is no content provided for the entry, or that content is not inline (i.e., contains a src attribute), or if the content is encoded in base64. More info <a href="#text">here</a>.
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<pre><summary>Some text.</summary></pre></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<h3>Optional elements of <entry><a id="optionalEntryElements" name="optionalEntryElements"> </a></h3>
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<p>Here's a list of optional feed elements.</p>
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<table cellspacing="10">
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<tr>
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<th>Element</th>
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<th>Description</th>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td valign="top">category</td>
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<td valign="top">Specifies a category that the entry belongs to. A <code>entry</code> may have multiple <code>category</code> elements. More info <a href="#category">here</a>.
|
||
|
|
<pre><category term="technology"/></pre></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td valign="top">contributor</td>
|
||
|
|
<td valign="top">Names one contributor to the entry. An entry may have multiple <code>contributor</code> elements. More info <a href="#person">here</a>.
|
||
|
|
<pre><contributor>
|
||
|
|
<name>Jane Doe</name>
|
||
|
|
</contributor></pre></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td valign="top">published</td>
|
||
|
|
<td valign="top">Contains the time of the initial creation or first availability of the entry.
|
||
|
|
<pre><published>2003-12-13T09:17:51-08:00</published></pre></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td valign="top">rights</td>
|
||
|
|
<td valign="top">Conveys information about rights, e.g. copyrights, held in and over the entry. More info <a href="#text">here</a>.
|
||
|
|
<pre><rights type="html">
|
||
|
|
&amp;copy; 2005 John Doe
|
||
|
|
</rights></pre></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<tr>
|
||
|
|
<td valign="top">source</td>
|
||
|
|
<td valign="top">Contains metadata from the source feed if this
|
||
|
|
entry is a copy.
|
||
|
|
<pre><source>
|
||
|
|
<id>http://example.org/</id>
|
||
|
|
<title>Example, Inc.</title>
|
||
|
|
<updated>2003-12-13T18:30:02Z</updated>
|
||
|
|
</source></pre></td>
|
||
|
|
</tr>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
</table>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2>Common Constructs</h2>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3 id="category">Category<a name="category"> </a></h3>
|
||
|
|
<p><code><category></code> has one required attribute, <code>term</code>, and two optional attributes, <code>scheme</code> and <code>label</code>.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p><code>term</code> identifies the category</p>
|
||
|
|
<p><code>scheme</code> identifies the categorization scheme via a
|
||
|
|
<abbr title="Universal Resource Identifier">URI</abbr>.
|
||
|
|
</p>
|
||
|
|
<p><code>label</code> provides a human-readable label for display</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3>Content<a id="contentElement" name="contentElement"> </a></h3>
|
||
|
|
<p><code><content></code> either contains, or links to, the complete content of the entry.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>In the most common case, the <code>type</code> attribute is either <code>text</code>, <code>html</code>, <code>xhtml</code>, in which case the content element is defined identically to other text constructs, which are described <a href="#text">here</a>.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Otherwise, if the <code>src</code> attribute is present, it represents the <abbr title="Universal Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> of where the content can be found. The <code>type</code> attribute, if present, is the media type of the content.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Otherwise, if the <code>type</code> attribute ends in <code>+xml</code> or <code>/xml</code>, then an xml document of this type is contained inline.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Otherwise, if the <code>type</code> attribute starts with <code>text</code>, then an escaped document of this type is contained inline.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Otherwise, a <a href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc3548.html">base64</a> encoded document of the indicated media type is contained inline.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3 id="link">Link<a name="link"> </a></h3>
|
||
|
|
<p><code><link></code> is patterned after html's <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-html401-19991224/struct/links.html#h-12.3">link</a> element. It has one required attribute, <code>href</code>, and five optional attributes: <code>rel</code>, <code>type</code>, <code>hreflang</code>, <code>title</code>, and <code>length</code>.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p><code>href</code> is the <abbr title="Universal Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> of the referenced resource (typically a Web page)</p>
|
||
|
|
<p><code>rel</code> contains a single link relationship type. It can be a full <abbr title="Universal Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> (see <a href="#extensibility">extensibility</a>), or one of the following predefined values (default=<code>alternate)</code>:</p>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li><code>alternate</code>: an alternate representation of the entry or feed, for example a permalink to the html version of the entry, or the front page of the weblog.</li>
|
||
|
|
<li><code>enclosure</code>: a related resource which is potentially large in size and might require special handling, for example an audio or video recording.</li>
|
||
|
|
<li><code>related</code>: an document related to the entry or feed.</li>
|
||
|
|
<li><code>self</code>: the feed itself.</li>
|
||
|
|
<li><code>via</code>: the source of the information provided in the entry.</li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
<p><code>type</code> indicates the media type of the resource.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p><code>hreflang</code> indicates the language of the referenced resource.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p><code>title</code> human readable information about the link, typically for display purposes.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p><code>length</code> the length of the resource, in bytes.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3 id="person">Person<a name="person"> </a></h3>
|
||
|
|
<p><code><author></code> and <code><contributor></code> describe a person, corporation, or similar entity. It has one required element, <code>name</code>, and two optional elements: <code>uri</code>, <code>email</code>.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p><code><name></code> conveys a human-readable name for the person.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p><code><uri></code> contains a home page for the person.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p><code><email></code> contains an email address for the person.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h3 id="text">Text<a name="text"> </a></h3>
|
||
|
|
<p><code><title></code>, <code><summary></code>, <code><content></code>, and <code><rights></code> contain human-readable text, usually in small quantities. The <code>type</code> attribute determines how this information is encoded (default="text")</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>If <code>type="text"</code>, then this element contains plain text with no entity escaped html.</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><title type="text">AT&amp;T bought by SBC!</title></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>If <code>type="html"</code>, then this element contains entity escaped html.</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><title type="html">
|
||
|
|
AT&amp;amp;T bought &amp;lt;b&amp;gt;by SBC&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt;!
|
||
|
|
</title></pre>
|
||
|
|
<p>If <code>type="xhtml"</code>, then this element contains inline xhtml, wrapped in a div element.</p>
|
||
|
|
<pre><title type="xhtml">
|
||
|
|
<div xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
|
||
|
|
AT&amp;T bought <b>by SBC</b>!
|
||
|
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
</title></pre>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2 id="extensibility">Extending Atom<a name="extensibility"> </a></h2>
|
||
|
|
<p>The atom content element is designed to support the direct inclusion of other XML vocabularies.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Any fully qualified <abbr title="Universal Resource Identifier">URI</abbr> may be used a value for the rel attribute of <code>link</code> elements.</p>
|
||
|
|
<p>Elements from other namespaces may be included pretty much anywhere. This means that most <a href="http://directory.google.com/Top/Reference/Libraries/Library_and_Information_Science/Technical_Services/Cataloguing/Metadata/RDF/Applications/RSS/Specifications/RSS_1.0_Modules/">RSS 1.0</a> and <a href="http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/directory/5/specifications/rss20ModulesNamespaces">RSS 2.0</a> modules may be used in Atom.</p>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<h2 id="seeAlso">See Also<a name="seeAlso"> </a></h2>
|
||
|
|
<ul>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.atomenabled.org/developers/syndication/atom-format-spec.php">The Atom Syndication Format</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/pie/KnownAtomFeeds">Examples of Atom 1.0 Feeds</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="http://feedvalidator.org/">Feed Validator</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/xml/library/x-atom10.html">DeveloperWorks Overview</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/pie/Rss20AndAtom10Compared">RSS 2.0 and Atom 1.0 Compared</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/atompub-charter.html">IETF Charter</a></li>
|
||
|
|
<li><a href="http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/pie/FrontPage">Atom Wiki</a></li>
|
||
|
|
</ul>
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
<div class="centered">
|
||
|
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<a name="startnavigation" id="startnavigation"></a>
|
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|
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|
||
|
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<p>
|
||
|
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<a href="/">Home</a> ·
|
||
|
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<a href="/about.html">About</a> ·
|
||
|
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<a href="/news/">News</a> ·
|
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|
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<a href="/docs/">Docs</a> ·
|
||
|
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<a href="/terms.html">Terms</a>
|
||
|
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|
||
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|
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|
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<div class="roundedCornerSpacer"> </div>
|
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|
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|
||
|
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<div class="bottomCorners">
|
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|
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|
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<img class="borderBR" src="../images/borderBR.gif" alt="" width="14" height="14" />
|
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</div><!-- .bottomCorners -->
|
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|
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