Merge pull request #1794 from 3b1b/video-work

InteractiveScene, etc.

example_scenes.py

@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ class SurfaceExample(Scene):
         self.play(light.animate.move_to(3 * IN), run_time=5)
         self.play(light.animate.shift(10 * OUT), run_time=5)
 
-        drag_text = Text("Try moving the mouse while pressing d or s")
+        drag_text = Text("Try moving the mouse while pressing d or f")
         drag_text.move_to(light_text)
         drag_text.fix_in_frame()
 

manimlib/__init__.py

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ from manimlib.mobject.value_tracker import *
 from manimlib.mobject.vector_field import *
 
 from manimlib.scene.scene import *
+from manimlib.scene.interactive_scene import *
 from manimlib.scene.three_d_scene import *
 
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import *

manimlib/animation/animation.py

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ class Animation(object):
         # played.  As much initialization as possible,
         # especially any mobject copying, should live in
         # this method
+        self.mobject.set_animating_status(True)
         self.starting_mobject = self.create_starting_mobject()
         if self.suspend_mobject_updating:
             # All calls to self.mobject's internal updaters
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ class Animation(object):
 
     def finish(self) -> None:
         self.interpolate(self.final_alpha_value)
+        self.mobject.set_animating_status(False)
         if self.suspend_mobject_updating:
             self.mobject.resume_updating()
 

manimlib/animation/composition.py

@@ -50,11 +50,13 @@ class AnimationGroup(Animation):
         return self.group
 
     def begin(self) -> None:
+        self.group.set_animating_status(True)
         for anim in self.animations:
             anim.begin()
         # self.init_run_time()
 
     def finish(self) -> None:
+        self.group.set_animating_status(False)
         for anim in self.animations:
             anim.finish()
 

manimlib/camera/camera.py

@@ -60,6 +60,15 @@ class CameraFrame(Mobject):
     def get_euler_angles(self):
         return self.get_orientation().as_euler("zxz")[::-1]
 
+    def get_theta(self):
+        return self.get_euler_angles()[0]
+
+    def get_phi(self):
+        return self.get_euler_angles()[1]
+
+    def get_gamma(self):
+        return self.get_euler_angles()[2]
+
     def get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix(self):
         return self.get_orientation().as_matrix().T
 
@@ -190,7 +199,10 @@ class Camera(object):
         self.init_textures()
         self.init_light_source()
         self.refresh_perspective_uniforms()
-        self.static_mobject_to_render_group_list = {}
+        # A cached map from mobjects to their associated list of render groups
+        # so that these render groups are not regenerated unnecessarily for static
+        # mobjects
+        self.mob_to_render_groups = {}
 
     def init_frame(self) -> None:
         self.frame = CameraFrame(**self.frame_config)
@@ -356,11 +368,21 @@ class Camera(object):
         if render_group["single_use"]:
             self.release_render_group(render_group)
 
-    def get_render_group_list(self, mobject: Mobject) -> list[dict[str]] | map[dict[str]]:
+    def get_render_group_list(self, mobject: Mobject) -> Iterable[dict[str]]:
-        try:
+        if mobject.is_changing():
-            return self.static_mobject_to_render_group_list[id(mobject)]
+            return self.generate_render_group_list(mobject)
-        except KeyError:
+
-            return map(self.get_render_group, mobject.get_shader_wrapper_list())
+        # Otherwise, cache result for later use
+        key = id(mobject)
+        if key not in self.mob_to_render_groups:
+            self.mob_to_render_groups[key] = list(self.generate_render_group_list(mobject))
+        return self.mob_to_render_groups[key]
+
+    def generate_render_group_list(self, mobject: Mobject) -> Iterable[dict[str]]:
+        return (
+            self.get_render_group(sw, single_use=mobject.is_changing())
+            for sw in mobject.get_shader_wrapper_list()
+        )
 
     def get_render_group(
         self,
@@ -399,19 +421,10 @@ class Camera(object):
             if render_group[key] is not None:
                 render_group[key].release()
 
-    def set_mobjects_as_static(self, *mobjects: Mobject) -> None:
+    def refresh_static_mobjects(self) -> None:
-        # Creates buffer and array objects holding each mobjects shader data
+        for render_group in it.chain(*self.mob_to_render_groups.values()):
-        for mob in mobjects:
+            self.release_render_group(render_group)
-            self.static_mobject_to_render_group_list[id(mob)] = [
+        self.mob_to_render_groups = {}
-                self.get_render_group(sw, single_use=False)
-                for sw in mob.get_shader_wrapper_list()
-            ]
-
-    def release_static_mobjects(self) -> None:
-        for rg_list in self.static_mobject_to_render_group_list.values():
-            for render_group in rg_list:
-                self.release_render_group(render_group)
-        self.static_mobject_to_render_group_list = {}
 
     # Shaders
     def init_shaders(self) -> None:

manimlib/constants.py

@@ -71,6 +71,16 @@ BOLD = "BOLD"
 
 DEFAULT_STROKE_WIDTH = 4
 
+# For keyboard interactions
+CTRL_SYMBOL = 65508
+SHIFT_SYMBOL = 65505
+DELETE_SYMBOL = 65288
+ARROW_SYMBOLS = list(range(65361, 65365))
+
+SHIFT_MODIFIER = 1
+CTRL_MODIFIER = 2
+COMMAND_MODIFIER = 64
+
 # Colors
 BLUE_E = "#1C758A"
 BLUE_D = "#29ABCA"
@@ -127,6 +137,20 @@ LIGHT_PINK = "#DC75CD"
 GREEN_SCREEN = "#00FF00"
 ORANGE = "#FF862F"
 
+MANIM_COLORS = [
+    BLACK, GREY_E, GREY_D, GREY_C, GREY_B, GREY_A, WHITE,
+    BLUE_E, BLUE_D, BLUE_C, BLUE_B, BLUE_A,
+    TEAL_E, TEAL_D, TEAL_C, TEAL_B, TEAL_A,
+    GREEN_E, GREEN_D, GREEN_C, GREEN_B, GREEN_A,
+    YELLOW_E, YELLOW_D, YELLOW_C, YELLOW_B, YELLOW_A,
+    GOLD_E, GOLD_D, GOLD_C, GOLD_B, GOLD_A,
+    RED_E, RED_D, RED_C, RED_B, RED_A,
+    MAROON_E, MAROON_D, MAROON_C, MAROON_B, MAROON_A,
+    PURPLE_E, PURPLE_D, PURPLE_C, PURPLE_B, PURPLE_A,
+    GREY_BROWN, DARK_BROWN, LIGHT_BROWN,
+    PINK, LIGHT_PINK,
+]
+
 # Abbreviated names for the "median" colors
 BLUE = BLUE_C
 TEAL = TEAL_C

manimlib/mobject/geometry.py

@@ -320,8 +320,8 @@ class Circle(Arc):
         "anchors_span_full_range": False
     }
 
-    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, start_angle: float = 0, **kwargs):
-        Arc.__init__(self, 0, TAU, **kwargs)
+        Arc.__init__(self, start_angle, TAU, **kwargs)
 
     def surround(
         self,

manimlib/mobject/mobject.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import sys
-import copy
 import random
 import itertools as it
 from functools import wraps
 from typing import Iterable, Callable, Union, Sequence
+import pickle
+import os
 
 import colour
 import moderngl
@@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ from manimlib.utils.iterables import list_update
 from manimlib.utils.iterables import resize_array
 from manimlib.utils.iterables import resize_preserving_order
 from manimlib.utils.iterables import resize_with_interpolation
-from manimlib.utils.iterables import make_even
 from manimlib.utils.iterables import listify
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import interpolate
 from manimlib.utils.bezier import integer_interpolate
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ from manimlib.shader_wrapper import get_colormap_code
 from manimlib.event_handler import EVENT_DISPATCHER
 from manimlib.event_handler.event_listner import EventListner
 from manimlib.event_handler.event_type import EventType
+from manimlib.logger import log
 
 
 TimeBasedUpdater = Callable[["Mobject", float], None]
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
         # Must match in attributes of vert shader
         "shader_dtype": [
             ('point', np.float32, (3,)),
-        ]
+        ],
     }
 
     def __init__(self, **kwargs):
@@ -81,6 +82,8 @@ class Mobject(object):
         self.family: list[Mobject] = [self]
         self.locked_data_keys: set[str] = set()
         self.needs_new_bounding_box: bool = True
+        self._is_animating: bool = False
+        self._is_movable: bool = False
 
         self.init_data()
         self.init_uniforms()
@@ -265,15 +268,30 @@ class Mobject(object):
                 parent.refresh_bounding_box()
         return self
 
-    def is_point_touching(
+    def are_points_touching(
         self,
-        point: np.ndarray,
+        points: np.ndarray,
         buff: float = MED_SMALL_BUFF
     ) -> bool:
         bb = self.get_bounding_box()
         mins = (bb[0] - buff)
         maxs = (bb[2] + buff)
-        return (point >= mins).all() and (point <= maxs).all()
+        return ((points >= mins) * (points <= maxs)).all(1)
+
+    def is_point_touching(
+        self,
+        point: np.ndarray,
+        buff: float = MED_SMALL_BUFF
+    ) -> bool:
+        return self.are_points_touching(np.array(point, ndmin=2), buff)[0]
+
+    def is_touching(self, mobject: Mobject, buff: float = 1e-2) -> bool:
+        bb1 = self.get_bounding_box()
+        bb2 = mobject.get_bounding_box()
+        return not any((
+            (bb2[2] < bb1[0] - buff).any(),  # E.g. Right of mobject is left of self's left
+            (bb2[0] > bb1[2] + buff).any(),  # E.g. Left of mobject is right of self's right
+        ))
 
     # Family matters
 
@@ -421,22 +439,6 @@ class Mobject(object):
         self.center()
         return self
 
-    def replicate(self, n: int) -> Group:
-        return self.get_group_class()(
-            *(self.copy() for x in range(n))
-        )
-
-    def get_grid(self, n_rows: int, n_cols: int, height: float | None = None, **kwargs):
-        """
-        Returns a new mobject containing multiple copies of this one
-        arranged in a grid
-        """
-        grid = self.replicate(n_rows * n_cols)
-        grid.arrange_in_grid(n_rows, n_cols, **kwargs)
-        if height is not None:
-            grid.set_height(height)
-        return grid
-
     def sort(
         self,
         point_to_num_func: Callable[[np.ndarray], float] = lambda p: p[0],
@@ -457,67 +459,46 @@ class Mobject(object):
         self.assemble_family()
         return self
 
+    # Creating new Mobjects from this one
+
+    def replicate(self, n: int) -> Group:
+        return self.get_group_class()(
+            *(self.copy() for x in range(n))
+        )
+
+    def get_grid(self, n_rows: int, n_cols: int, height: float | None = None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Returns a new mobject containing multiple copies of this one
+        arranged in a grid
+        """
+        grid = self.replicate(n_rows * n_cols)
+        grid.arrange_in_grid(n_rows, n_cols, **kwargs)
+        if height is not None:
+            grid.set_height(height)
+        return grid
+
     # Copying
 
     def copy(self):
-        # TODO, either justify reason for shallow copy, or
-        # remove this redundancy everywhere
-        # return self.deepcopy()
-
-        parents = self.parents
         self.parents = []
-        copy_mobject = copy.copy(self)
+        return pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(self))
-        self.parents = parents
-
-        copy_mobject.data = dict(self.data)
-        for key in self.data:
-            copy_mobject.data[key] = self.data[key].copy()
-
-        copy_mobject.uniforms = dict(self.uniforms)
-        for key in self.uniforms:
-            if isinstance(self.uniforms[key], np.ndarray):
-                copy_mobject.uniforms[key] = self.uniforms[key].copy()
-
-        copy_mobject.submobjects = []
-        copy_mobject.add(*[sm.copy() for sm in self.submobjects])
-        copy_mobject.match_updaters(self)
-
-        copy_mobject.needs_new_bounding_box = self.needs_new_bounding_box
-
-        # Make sure any mobject or numpy array attributes are copied
-        family = self.get_family()
-        for attr, value in list(self.__dict__.items()):
-            if isinstance(value, Mobject) and value in family and value is not self:
-                setattr(copy_mobject, attr, value.copy())
-            if isinstance(value, np.ndarray):
-                setattr(copy_mobject, attr, value.copy())
-            if isinstance(value, ShaderWrapper):
-                setattr(copy_mobject, attr, value.copy())
-        return copy_mobject
 
     def deepcopy(self):
-        parents = self.parents
+        # This used to be different from copy, so is now just here for backward compatibility
-        self.parents = []
+        return self.copy()
-        result = copy.deepcopy(self)
-        self.parents = parents
-        return result
 
     def generate_target(self, use_deepcopy: bool = False):
+        # TODO, remove now pointless use_deepcopy arg
         self.target = None  # Prevent exponential explosion
-        if use_deepcopy:
+        self.target = self.copy()
-            self.target = self.deepcopy()
-        else:
-            self.target = self.copy()
         return self.target
 
     def save_state(self, use_deepcopy: bool = False):
+        # TODO, remove now pointless use_deepcopy arg
         if hasattr(self, "saved_state"):
             # Prevent exponential growth of data
             self.saved_state = None
-        if use_deepcopy:
+        self.saved_state = self.copy()
-            self.saved_state = self.deepcopy()
-        else:
-            self.saved_state = self.copy()
         return self
 
     def restore(self):
@@ -526,6 +507,27 @@ class Mobject(object):
         self.become(self.saved_state)
         return self
 
+    def save_to_file(self, file_path):
+        if not file_path.endswith(".mob"):
+            file_path += ".mob"
+        if os.path.exists(file_path):
+            cont = input(f"{file_path} already exists. Overwrite (y/n)? ")
+            if cont != "y":
+                return
+        with open(file_path, "wb") as fp:
+            pickle.dump(self, fp)
+        log.info(f"Saved mobject to {file_path}")
+        return self
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def load(file_path):
+        if not os.path.exists(file_path):
+            log.error(f"No file found at {file_path}")
+            sys.exit(2)
+        with open(file_path, "rb") as fp:
+            mobject = pickle.load(fp)
+        return mobject
+
     # Updating
 
     def init_updaters(self):
@@ -575,6 +577,8 @@ class Mobject(object):
             updater_list.insert(index, update_function)
 
         self.refresh_has_updater_status()
+        for parent in self.parents:
+            parent.has_updaters = True
         if call_updater:
             self.update(dt=0)
         return self
@@ -589,10 +593,10 @@ class Mobject(object):
     def clear_updaters(self, recurse: bool = True):
         self.time_based_updaters = []
         self.non_time_updaters = []
-        self.refresh_has_updater_status()
         if recurse:
             for submob in self.submobjects:
                 submob.clear_updaters()
+        self.refresh_has_updater_status()
         return self
 
     def match_updaters(self, mobject: Mobject):
@@ -623,6 +627,24 @@ class Mobject(object):
         self.has_updaters = any(mob.get_updaters() for mob in self.get_family())
         return self
 
+    # Check if mark as static or not for camera
+
+    def is_changing(self) -> bool:
+        return self._is_animating or self.has_updaters or self._is_movable
+
+    def set_animating_status(self, is_animating: bool, recurse: bool = True) -> None:
+        for mob in self.get_family(recurse):
+            mob._is_animating = is_animating
+        return self
+
+    def make_movable(self, value: bool = True, recurse: bool = True) -> None:
+        for mob in self.get_family(recurse):
+            mob._is_movable = value
+        return self
+
+    def is_movable(self) -> bool:
+        return self._is_movable
+
     # Transforming operations
 
     def shift(self, vector: np.ndarray):
@@ -1173,6 +1195,13 @@ class Mobject(object):
     def get_corner(self, direction: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray:
         return self.get_bounding_box_point(direction)
 
+    def get_all_corners(self):
+        bb = self.get_bounding_box()
+        return np.array([
+            [bb[indices[-i + 1]][i] for i in range(3)]
+            for indices in it.product(*3 * [[0, 2]])
+        ])
+
     def get_center(self) -> np.ndarray:
         return self.get_bounding_box()[1]
 
@@ -1403,7 +1432,7 @@ class Mobject(object):
         return self
 
     def push_self_into_submobjects(self):
-        copy = self.deepcopy()
+        copy = self.copy()
         copy.set_submobjects([])
         self.resize_points(0)
         self.add(copy)

manimlib/mobject/probability.py

@@ -274,6 +274,3 @@ class BarChart(VGroup):
                 (value / self.max_value) * self.height
             )
             bar.move_to(bar_bottom, DOWN)
-
-    def copy(self):
-        return self.deepcopy()

manimlib/mobject/svg/labelled_string.py

@@ -123,9 +123,6 @@ class LabelledString(_StringSVG, ABC):
         self.group_substrs = self.get_group_substrs()
         self.submob_groups = self.get_submob_groups()
 
-    def copy(self):
-        return self.deepcopy()
-
     # Toolkits
 
     def get_substr(self, span: Span) -> str:

manimlib/mobject/types/vectorized_mobject.py

@@ -681,7 +681,7 @@ class VMobject(Mobject):
             self.get_end_anchors(),
         ))))
 
-    def get_points_without_null_curves(self, atol: float=1e-9) -> np.ndarray:
+    def get_points_without_null_curves(self, atol: float = 1e-9) -> np.ndarray:
         nppc = self.n_points_per_curve
         points = self.get_points()
         distinct_curves = reduce(op.or_, [

manimlib/mobject/vector_field.py

@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ class ShowPassingFlashWithThinningStrokeWidth(AnimationGroup):
         max_time_width = kwargs.pop("time_width", self.time_width)
         AnimationGroup.__init__(self, *[
             VShowPassingFlash(
-                vmobject.deepcopy().set_stroke(width=stroke_width),
+                vmobject.copy().set_stroke(width=stroke_width),
                 time_width=time_width,
                 **kwargs
             )

manimlib/scene/interactive_scene.py

@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+import numpy as np
+import itertools as it
+import pyperclip
+import os
+
+from manimlib.animation.fading import FadeIn
+from manimlib.constants import MANIM_COLORS, WHITE, YELLOW
+from manimlib.constants import ORIGIN, UP, DOWN, LEFT, RIGHT
+from manimlib.constants import FRAME_WIDTH, SMALL_BUFF
+from manimlib.constants import CTRL_SYMBOL, SHIFT_SYMBOL, DELETE_SYMBOL, ARROW_SYMBOLS
+from manimlib.constants import SHIFT_MODIFIER, COMMAND_MODIFIER
+from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Mobject
+from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Rectangle
+from manimlib.mobject.geometry import Square
+from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Group
+from manimlib.mobject.svg.tex_mobject import Tex
+from manimlib.mobject.svg.text_mobject import Text
+from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
+from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
+from manimlib.mobject.types.dot_cloud import DotCloud
+from manimlib.scene.scene import Scene
+from manimlib.utils.tex_file_writing import LatexError
+from manimlib.utils.family_ops import extract_mobject_family_members
+from manimlib.utils.space_ops import get_norm
+from manimlib.logger import log
+
+
+SELECT_KEY = 's'
+GRAB_KEY = 'g'
+HORIZONTAL_GRAB_KEY = 'h'
+VERTICAL_GRAB_KEY = 'v'
+RESIZE_KEY = 't'
+COLOR_KEY = 'c'
+
+
+# Note, a lot of the functionality here is still buggy and very much a work in progress.
+
+class InteractiveScene(Scene):
+    """
+    TODO, Document
+
+    To select mobjects on screen, hold ctrl and move the mouse to highlight a region,
+    or just tap ctrl to select the mobject under the cursor.
+
+    Pressing command + t will toggle between modes where you either select top level
+    mobjects part of the scene, or low level pieces.
+
+    Hold 'g' to grab the selection and move it around
+    Hold 'h' to drag it constrained in the horizontal direction
+    Hold 'v' to drag it constrained in the vertical direction
+    Hold 't' to resize selection, adding 'shift' to resize with respect to a corner
+
+    Command + 'c' copies the ids of selections to clipboard
+    Command + 'v' will paste either:
+        - The copied mobject
+        - A Tex mobject based on copied LaTeX
+        - A Text mobject based on copied Text
+    Command + 'z' restores selection back to its original state
+    Command + 's' saves the selected mobjects to file
+    """
+    corner_dot_config = dict(
+        color=WHITE,
+        radius=0.1,
+        glow_factor=1.0,
+    )
+    selection_rectangle_stroke_color = WHITE
+    selection_rectangle_stroke_width = 1.0
+    colors = MANIM_COLORS
+    selection_nudge_size = 0.05
+
+    def setup(self):
+        self.selection = Group()
+        self.selection_highlight = Group()
+        self.selection_rectangle = self.get_selection_rectangle()
+        self.color_palette = self.get_color_palette()
+        self.unselectables = [
+            self.selection,
+            self.selection_highlight,
+            self.selection_rectangle,
+            self.camera.frame
+        ]
+        self.saved_selection_state = []
+        self.select_top_level_mobs = True
+
+        self.is_selecting = False
+        self.add(self.selection_highlight)
+
+    def toggle_selection_mode(self):
+        self.select_top_level_mobs = not self.select_top_level_mobs
+        self.refresh_selection_scope()
+
+    def get_selection_search_set(self):
+        mobs = [m for m in self.mobjects if m not in self.unselectables]
+        if self.select_top_level_mobs:
+            return mobs
+        else:
+            return [
+                submob
+                for mob in mobs
+                for submob in mob.family_members_with_points()
+            ]
+
+    def refresh_selection_scope(self):
+        curr = list(self.selection)
+        if self.select_top_level_mobs:
+            self.selection.set_submobjects([
+                mob
+                for mob in self.mobjects
+                if any(sm in mob.get_family() for sm in curr)
+            ])
+            self.selection.refresh_bounding_box(recurse_down=True)
+        else:
+            self.selection.set_submobjects(
+                extract_mobject_family_members(
+                    curr, exclude_pointless=True,
+                )
+            )
+        self.refresh_selection_highlight()
+
+    def get_selection_rectangle(self):
+        rect = Rectangle(
+            stroke_color=self.selection_rectangle_stroke_color,
+            stroke_width=self.selection_rectangle_stroke_width,
+        )
+        rect.fix_in_frame()
+        rect.fixed_corner = ORIGIN
+        rect.add_updater(self.update_selection_rectangle)
+        return rect
+
+    def get_color_palette(self):
+        palette = VGroup(*(
+            Square(fill_color=color, fill_opacity=1, side_length=1)
+            for color in self.colors
+        ))
+        palette.set_stroke(width=0)
+        palette.arrange(RIGHT, buff=0.5)
+        palette.set_width(FRAME_WIDTH - 0.5)
+        palette.to_edge(DOWN, buff=SMALL_BUFF)
+        palette.fix_in_frame()
+        return palette
+
+    def get_stroke_highlight(self, vmobject):
+        outline = vmobject.copy()
+        for sm, osm in zip(vmobject.get_family(), outline.get_family()):
+            osm.set_fill(opacity=0)
+            osm.set_stroke(YELLOW, width=sm.get_stroke_width() + 1.5)
+        outline.add_updater(lambda o: o.replace(vmobject))
+        return outline
+
+    def get_corner_dots(self, mobject):
+        dots = DotCloud(**self.corner_dot_config)
+        dots.add_updater(lambda d: d.set_points(mobject.get_all_corners()))
+        dots.scale((dots.get_width() + dots.get_radius()) / dots.get_width())
+        # Since for flat object, all 8 corners really appear as four, dim the dots
+        if mobject.get_depth() < 1e-2:
+            dots.set_opacity(0.5)
+        return dots
+
+    def get_highlight(self, mobject):
+        if isinstance(mobject, VMobject) and mobject.has_points():
+            return self.get_stroke_highlight(mobject)
+        else:
+            return self.get_corner_dots(mobject)
+
+    def refresh_selection_highlight(self):
+        self.selection_highlight.set_submobjects([
+            self.get_highlight(mob)
+            for mob in self.selection
+        ])
+
+    def update_selection_rectangle(self, rect):
+        p1 = rect.fixed_corner
+        p2 = self.mouse_point.get_center()
+        rect.set_points_as_corners([
+            p1, [p2[0], p1[1], 0],
+            p2, [p1[0], p2[1], 0],
+            p1,
+        ])
+        return rect
+
+    def add_to_selection(self, *mobjects):
+        for mob in mobjects:
+            if mob in self.unselectables:
+                continue
+            if mob not in self.selection:
+                self.selection.add(mob)
+                self.selection_highlight.add(self.get_highlight(mob))
+        self.saved_selection_state = [
+            (mob, mob.copy())
+            for mob in self.selection
+        ]
+
+    def toggle_from_selection(self, *mobjects):
+        for mob in mobjects:
+            if mob in self.selection:
+                self.selection.remove(mob)
+            else:
+                self.add_to_selection(mob)
+        self.refresh_selection_highlight()
+
+    def clear_selection(self):
+        self.selection.set_submobjects([])
+        self.selection_highlight.set_submobjects([])
+
+    def add(self, *new_mobjects: Mobject):
+        for mob in new_mobjects:
+            mob.make_movable()
+        super().add(*new_mobjects)
+
+    # Selection operations
+
+    def copy_selection(self):
+        ids = map(id, self.selection)
+        pyperclip.copy(",".join(map(str, ids)))
+
+    def paste_selection(self):
+        clipboard_str = pyperclip.paste()
+        # Try pasting a mobject
+        try:
+            ids = map(int, clipboard_str.split(","))
+            mobs = map(self.id_to_mobject, ids)
+            mob_copies = [m.copy() for m in mobs if m is not None]
+            self.clear_selection()
+            self.add_to_selection(*mob_copies)
+            self.play(*(
+                FadeIn(mc, run_time=0.5, scale=1.5)
+                for mc in mob_copies
+            ))
+            return
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+        # Otherwise, treat as tex or text
+        if "\\" in clipboard_str:  # Proxy to text for LaTeX
+            try:
+                new_mob = Tex(clipboard_str)
+            except LatexError:
+                return
+        else:
+            new_mob = Text(clipboard_str)
+        self.clear_selection()
+        self.add(new_mob)
+        self.add_to_selection(new_mob)
+        new_mob.move_to(self.mouse_point)
+
+    def delete_selection(self):
+        self.remove(*self.selection)
+        self.clear_selection()
+
+    def saved_selection_to_file(self):
+        directory = self.file_writer.get_saved_mobject_directory()
+        files = os.listdir(directory)
+        for mob in self.selection:
+            file_name = str(mob) + "_0.mob"
+            index = 0
+            while file_name in files:
+                file_name = file_name.replace(str(index), str(index + 1))
+                index += 1
+            user_name = input(
+                f"Enter mobject file name (default is {file_name}): "
+            )
+            if user_name:
+                file_name = user_name
+            files.append(file_name)
+            self.save_mobect(mob, file_name)
+
+    def undo(self):
+        mobs = []
+        for mob, state in self.saved_selection_state:
+            mob.become(state)
+            mobs.append(mob)
+            if mob not in self.mobjects:
+                self.add(mob)
+        self.selection.set_submobjects(mobs)
+        self.refresh_selection_highlight()
+
+    def prepare_resizing(self, about_corner=False):
+        center = self.selection.get_center()
+        mp = self.mouse_point.get_center()
+        if about_corner:
+            self.scale_about_point = self.selection.get_corner(center - mp)
+        else:
+            self.scale_about_point = center
+        self.scale_ref_vect = mp - self.scale_about_point
+        self.scale_ref_width = self.selection.get_width()
+
+    # Event handlers
+
+    def on_key_press(self, symbol: int, modifiers: int) -> None:
+        super().on_key_press(symbol, modifiers)
+        char = chr(symbol)
+        # Enable selection
+        if char == SELECT_KEY and modifiers == 0:
+            self.is_selecting = True
+            self.add(self.selection_rectangle)
+            self.selection_rectangle.fixed_corner = self.mouse_point.get_center().copy()
+        # Prepare for move
+        elif char in [GRAB_KEY, HORIZONTAL_GRAB_KEY, VERTICAL_GRAB_KEY] and modifiers == 0:
+            mp = self.mouse_point.get_center()
+            self.mouse_to_selection = mp - self.selection.get_center()
+        # Prepare for resizing
+        elif char == RESIZE_KEY and modifiers in [0, SHIFT_MODIFIER]:
+            self.prepare_resizing(about_corner=(modifiers == SHIFT_MODIFIER))
+        elif symbol == SHIFT_SYMBOL:
+            if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("t")):
+                self.prepare_resizing(about_corner=True)
+        # Show color palette
+        elif char == COLOR_KEY and modifiers == 0:
+            if len(self.selection) == 0:
+                return
+            if self.color_palette not in self.mobjects:
+                self.add(self.color_palette)
+            else:
+                self.remove(self.color_palette)
+        # Command + c -> Copy mobject ids to clipboard
+        elif char == "c" and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER:
+            self.copy_selection()
+        # Command + v -> Paste
+        elif char == "v" and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER:
+            self.paste_selection()
+        # Command + x -> Cut
+        elif char == "x" and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER:
+            # TODO, this copy won't work, because once the objects are removed,
+            # they're not searched for in the pasting.
+            self.copy_selection()
+            self.delete_selection()
+        # Delete
+        elif symbol == DELETE_SYMBOL:
+            self.delete_selection()
+        # Command + a -> Select all
+        elif char == "a" and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER:
+            self.clear_selection()
+            self.add_to_selection(*self.mobjects)
+        # Command + g -> Group selection
+        elif char == "g" and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER:
+            group = self.get_group(*self.selection)
+            self.add(group)
+            self.clear_selection()
+            self.add_to_selection(group)
+        # Command + shift + g -> Ungroup the selection
+        elif char == "g" and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER | SHIFT_MODIFIER:
+            pieces = []
+            for mob in list(self.selection):
+                self.remove(mob)
+                pieces.extend(list(mob))
+            self.clear_selection()
+            self.add(*pieces)
+            self.add_to_selection(*pieces)
+        # Command + t -> Toggle selection mode
+        elif char == "t" and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER:
+            self.toggle_selection_mode()
+        # Command + z -> Restore selection to original state
+        elif char == "z" and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER:
+            self.undo()
+        # Command + s -> Save selections to file
+        elif char == "s" and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER:
+            self.saved_selection_to_file()
+        # Keyboard movements
+        elif symbol in ARROW_SYMBOLS:
+            nudge = self.selection_nudge_size
+            if (modifiers & SHIFT_MODIFIER):
+                nudge *= 10
+            vect = [LEFT, UP, RIGHT, DOWN][ARROW_SYMBOLS.index(symbol)]
+            self.selection.shift(nudge * vect)
+
+    def on_key_release(self, symbol: int, modifiers: int) -> None:
+        super().on_key_release(symbol, modifiers)
+        if chr(symbol) == SELECT_KEY:
+            self.is_selecting = False
+            self.remove(self.selection_rectangle)
+            for mob in reversed(self.get_selection_search_set()):
+                if mob.is_movable() and self.selection_rectangle.is_touching(mob):
+                    self.add_to_selection(mob)
+
+        elif symbol == SHIFT_SYMBOL:
+            if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord(RESIZE_KEY)):
+                self.prepare_resizing(about_corner=False)
+
+    def on_mouse_motion(self, point: np.ndarray, d_point: np.ndarray) -> None:
+        super().on_mouse_motion(point, d_point)
+        # Move selection
+        if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("g")):
+            self.selection.move_to(point - self.mouse_to_selection)
+        # Move selection restricted to horizontal
+        elif self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("h")):
+            self.selection.set_x((point - self.mouse_to_selection)[0])
+        # Move selection restricted to vertical
+        elif self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("v")):
+            self.selection.set_y((point - self.mouse_to_selection)[1])
+        # Scale selection
+        elif self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("t")):
+            # TODO, allow for scaling about the opposite corner
+            vect = point - self.scale_about_point
+            scalar = get_norm(vect) / get_norm(self.scale_ref_vect)
+            self.selection.set_width(
+                scalar * self.scale_ref_width,
+                about_point=self.scale_about_point
+            )
+
+    def on_mouse_release(self, point: np.ndarray, button: int, mods: int) -> None:
+        super().on_mouse_release(point, button, mods)
+        if self.color_palette in self.mobjects:
+            # Search through all mobject on the screne, not just the palette
+            to_search = list(it.chain(*(
+                mobject.family_members_with_points()
+                for mobject in self.mobjects
+                if mobject not in self.unselectables
+            )))
+            mob = self.point_to_mobject(point, to_search)
+            if mob is not None:
+                self.selection.set_color(mob.get_fill_color())
+            self.remove(self.color_palette)
+        elif self.window.is_key_pressed(SHIFT_SYMBOL):
+            mob = self.point_to_mobject(point)
+            if mob is not None:
+                self.toggle_from_selection(mob)
+        else:
+            self.clear_selection()

manimlib/scene/scene.py

@@ -4,20 +4,25 @@ import time
 import random
 import inspect
 import platform
-import itertools as it
 from functools import wraps
 from typing import Iterable, Callable
+import os
 
 from tqdm import tqdm as ProgressDisplay
 import numpy as np
-import numpy.typing as npt
 
 from manimlib.animation.animation import prepare_animation
 from manimlib.animation.transform import MoveToTarget
 from manimlib.camera.camera import Camera
+from manimlib.config import get_custom_config
 from manimlib.constants import DEFAULT_WAIT_TIME
+from manimlib.constants import ARROW_SYMBOLS
+from manimlib.constants import SHIFT_MODIFIER, CTRL_MODIFIER, COMMAND_MODIFIER
 from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Mobject
 from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Point
+from manimlib.mobject.mobject import Group
+from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VMobject
+from manimlib.mobject.types.vectorized_mobject import VGroup
 from manimlib.scene.scene_file_writer import SceneFileWriter
 from manimlib.utils.config_ops import digest_config
 from manimlib.utils.family_ops import extract_mobject_family_members
@@ -33,6 +38,14 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from manimlib.animation.animation import Animation
 
 
+PAN_3D_KEY = 'd'
+FRAME_SHIFT_KEY = 'f'
+ZOOM_KEY = 'z'
+RESET_FRAME_KEY = 'r'
+QUIT_KEY = 'q'
+EMBED_KEY = 'e'
+
+
 class Scene(object):
     CONFIG = {
         "window_config": {},
@@ -116,16 +129,17 @@ class Scene(object):
         # If there is a window, enter a loop
         # which updates the frame while under
         # the hood calling the pyglet event loop
-        log.info("Tips: You are now in the interactive mode. Now you can use the keyboard"
+        log.info(
-            " and the mouse to interact with the scene. Just press `q` if you want to quit.")
+            "Tips: You are now in the interactive mode. Now you can use the keyboard"
+            " and the mouse to interact with the scene. Just press `command + q` or `esc`"
+            " if you want to quit."
+        )
         self.quit_interaction = False
-        self.lock_static_mobject_data()
+        self.refresh_static_mobjects()
         while not (self.window.is_closing or self.quit_interaction):
             self.update_frame(1 / self.camera.frame_rate)
         if self.window.is_closing:
             self.window.destroy()
-        if self.quit_interaction:
-            self.unlock_mobject_data()
 
     def embed(self, close_scene_on_exit: bool = True) -> None:
         if not self.preview:
@@ -142,15 +156,18 @@ class Scene(object):
         from IPython.terminal.embed import InteractiveShellEmbed
         shell = InteractiveShellEmbed()
         # Have the frame update after each command
+        shell.events.register('post_run_cell', lambda *a, **kw: self.refresh_static_mobjects())
         shell.events.register('post_run_cell', lambda *a, **kw: self.update_frame())
         # Use the locals of the caller as the local namespace
         # once embedded, and add a few custom shortcuts
         local_ns = inspect.currentframe().f_back.f_locals
         local_ns["touch"] = self.interact
+        local_ns["i2g"] = self.ids_to_group
         for term in ("play", "wait", "add", "remove", "clear", "save_state", "restore"):
             local_ns[term] = getattr(self, term)
         log.info("Tips: Now the embed iPython terminal is open. But you can't interact with"
                  " the window directly. To do so, you need to type `touch()` or `self.interact()`")
+        exec(get_custom_config()["universal_import_line"])
         shell(local_ns=local_ns, stack_depth=2)
         # End scene when exiting an embed
         if close_scene_on_exit:
@@ -295,6 +312,25 @@ class Scene(object):
                 return mobject
         return None
 
+    def get_group(self, *mobjects):
+        if all(isinstance(m, VMobject) for m in mobjects):
+            return VGroup(*mobjects)
+        else:
+            return Group(*mobjects)
+
+    def id_to_mobject(self, id_value):
+        for mob in self.mobjects:
+            for sm in mob.get_family():
+                if id(sm) == id_value:
+                    return sm
+        return None
+
+    def ids_to_group(self, *id_values):
+        return self.get_group(*filter(
+            lambda x: x is not None,
+            map(self.id_to_mobject, id_values)
+        ))
+
     # Related to skipping
     def update_skipping_status(self) -> None:
         if self.start_at_animation_number is not None:
@@ -443,6 +479,7 @@ class Scene(object):
                 self.real_animation_start_time = time.time()
                 self.virtual_animation_start_time = self.time
 
+            self.refresh_static_mobjects()
             func(self, *args, **kwargs)
 
             if should_write:
@@ -451,23 +488,8 @@ class Scene(object):
             self.num_plays += 1
         return wrapper
 
-    def lock_static_mobject_data(self, *animations: Animation) -> None:
+    def refresh_static_mobjects(self) -> None:
-        movers = list(it.chain(*[
+        self.camera.refresh_static_mobjects()
-            anim.mobject.get_family()
-            for anim in animations
-        ]))
-        for mobject in self.mobjects:
-            if mobject in movers or mobject.get_family_updaters():
-                continue
-            self.camera.set_mobjects_as_static(mobject)
-
-    def unlock_mobject_data(self) -> None:
-        self.camera.release_static_mobjects()
-
-    def refresh_locked_data(self):
-        self.unlock_mobject_data()
-        self.lock_static_mobject_data()
-        return self
 
     def begin_animations(self, animations: Iterable[Animation]) -> None:
         for animation in animations:
@@ -507,11 +529,9 @@ class Scene(object):
             log.warning("Called Scene.play with no animations")
             return
         animations = self.anims_from_play_args(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.lock_static_mobject_data(*animations)
         self.begin_animations(animations)
         self.progress_through_animations(animations)
         self.finish_animations(animations)
-        self.unlock_mobject_data()
 
     @handle_play_like_call
     def wait(
@@ -524,7 +544,6 @@ class Scene(object):
         if note:
             log.info(note)
         self.update_mobjects(dt=0)  # Any problems with this?
-        self.lock_static_mobject_data()
         if self.presenter_mode and not self.skip_animations and not ignore_presenter_mode:
             while self.hold_on_wait:
                 self.update_frame(dt=1 / self.camera.frame_rate)
@@ -538,9 +557,8 @@ class Scene(object):
                 self.update_frame(dt)
                 self.emit_frame()
                 if stop_condition is not None and stop_condition():
-                    time_progression.close()
                     break
-        self.unlock_mobject_data()
+        self.refresh_static_mobjects()
         return self
 
     def wait_until(
@@ -574,22 +592,31 @@ class Scene(object):
 
     # Helpers for interactive development
     def save_state(self) -> None:
-        self.saved_state = {
+        self.saved_state = [
-            "mobjects": self.mobjects,
+            (mob, mob.copy())
-            "mobject_states": [
+            for mob in self.mobjects
-                mob.copy()
+        ]
-                for mob in self.mobjects
-            ],
-        }
 
     def restore(self) -> None:
         if not hasattr(self, "saved_state"):
             raise Exception("Trying to restore scene without having saved")
-        mobjects = self.saved_state["mobjects"]
+        self.mobjects = []
-        states = self.saved_state["mobject_states"]
+        for mob, mob_state in self.saved_state:
-        for mob, state in zip(mobjects, states):
+            mob.become(mob_state)
-            mob.become(state)
+            self.mobjects.append(mob)
-        self.mobjects = mobjects
+
+    def save_mobect(self, mobject: Mobject, file_name: str):
+        directory = self.file_writer.get_saved_mobject_directory()
+        path = os.path.join(directory, file_name)
+        mobject.save_to_file(path)
+
+    def load_mobject(self, file_name):
+        if os.path.exists(file_name):
+            path = file_name
+        else:
+            directory = self.file_writer.get_saved_mobject_directory()
+            path = os.path.join(directory, file_name)
+        return Mobject.load(path)
 
     # Event handling
 
@@ -606,10 +633,12 @@ class Scene(object):
             return
 
         frame = self.camera.frame
-        if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("d")):
+        # Handle perspective changes
+        if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord(PAN_3D_KEY)):
             frame.increment_theta(-self.pan_sensitivity * d_point[0])
             frame.increment_phi(self.pan_sensitivity * d_point[1])
-        elif self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("s")):
+        # Handle frame movements
+        elif self.window.is_key_pressed(ord(FRAME_SHIFT_KEY)):
             shift = -d_point
             shift[0] *= frame.get_width() / 2
             shift[1] *= frame.get_height() / 2
@@ -637,6 +666,7 @@ class Scene(object):
         button: int,
         mods: int
     ) -> None:
+        self.mouse_drag_point.move_to(point)
         event_data = {"point": point, "button": button, "mods": mods}
         propagate_event = EVENT_DISPATCHER.dispatch(EventType.MousePressEvent, **event_data)
         if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
@@ -664,9 +694,9 @@ class Scene(object):
             return
 
         frame = self.camera.frame
-        if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord("z")):
+        if self.window.is_key_pressed(ord(ZOOM_KEY)):
             factor = 1 + np.arctan(10 * offset[1])
-            frame.scale(1/factor, about_point=point)
+            frame.scale(1 / factor, about_point=point)
         else:
             transform = frame.get_inverse_camera_rotation_matrix()
             shift = np.dot(np.transpose(transform), offset)
@@ -698,13 +728,16 @@ class Scene(object):
         if propagate_event is not None and propagate_event is False:
             return
 
-        if char == "r":
+        if char == RESET_FRAME_KEY:
             self.camera.frame.to_default_state()
-        elif char == "q":
+        # command + q
+        elif char == QUIT_KEY and modifiers == COMMAND_MODIFIER:
             self.quit_interaction = True
-        elif char == " " or symbol == 65363:  # Space or right arrow
+        # Space or right arrow
+        elif char == " " or symbol == ARROW_SYMBOLS[2]:
             self.hold_on_wait = False
-        elif char == "e" and modifiers == 3:  # ctrl + shift + e
+        # ctrl + shift + e
+        elif char == EMBED_KEY and modifiers == CTRL_MODIFIER | SHIFT_MODIFIER:
             self.embed(close_scene_on_exit=False)
 
     def on_resize(self, width: int, height: int) -> None:

manimlib/scene/scene_file_writer.py

@@ -78,6 +78,8 @@ class SceneFileWriter(object):
                 self.partial_movie_directory = guarantee_existence(os.path.join(
                     movie_dir, "partial_movie_files", scene_name,
                 ))
+        # A place to save mobjects
+        self.saved_mobject_directory = os.path.join(out_dir, "mobjects")
 
     def get_default_module_directory(self) -> str:
         path, _ = os.path.splitext(self.input_file_path)
@@ -119,6 +121,12 @@ class SceneFileWriter(object):
     def get_movie_file_path(self) -> str:
         return self.movie_file_path
 
+    def get_saved_mobject_directory(self) -> str:
+        return guarantee_existence(os.path.join(
+            self.saved_mobject_directory,
+            str(self.scene),
+        ))
+
     # Sound
     def init_audio(self) -> None:
         self.includes_sound: bool = False
@@ -220,7 +228,7 @@ class SceneFileWriter(object):
             # This is if the background of the exported
             # video should be transparent.
             command += [
-                '-vcodec', 'qtrle',
+                '-vcodec', 'prores_ks',
             ]
         elif self.movie_file_extension == ".gif":
             command += []

manimlib/utils/family_ops.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import itertools as it
 from typing import Iterable
 
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
@@ -11,15 +10,14 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 def extract_mobject_family_members(
     mobject_list: Iterable[Mobject],
-    only_those_with_points: bool = False
+    exclude_pointless: bool = False
 ) -> list[Mobject]:
-    result = list(it.chain(*[
+    return [
-        mob.get_family()
+        sm
         for mob in mobject_list
-    ]))
+        for sm in mob.get_family()
-    if only_those_with_points:
+        if (not exclude_pointless) or sm.has_points()
-        result = [mob for mob in result if mob.has_points()]
+    ]
-    return result
 
 
 def restructure_list_to_exclude_certain_family_members(

manimlib/utils/space_ops.py

@@ -152,6 +152,8 @@ def angle_between_vectors(v1: np.ndarray, v2: np.ndarray) -> float:
     """
     n1 = get_norm(v1)
     n2 = get_norm(v2)
+    if n1 == 0 or n2 == 0:
+        return 0
     cos_angle = np.dot(v1, v2) / np.float64(n1 * n2)
     return math.acos(clip(cos_angle, -1, 1))
 

manimlib/utils/tex_file_writing.py

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ def tex_to_dvi(tex_file):
                 for line in file.readlines():
                     if line.startswith("!"):
                         log.debug(f"The error could be: `{line[2:-1]}`")
-            sys.exit(2)
+            raise LatexError()
     return result
 
 
@@ -134,3 +134,8 @@ def display_during_execution(message):
         yield
     finally:
         print(" " * len(to_print), end="\r")
+
+
+
+class LatexError(Exception):
+    pass

requirements.txt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ moderngl_window
 skia-pathops
 pydub
 pygments
+pyperclip
 pyyaml
 rich
 screeninfo