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Merge pull request #580 from Kolloom/pull_jarwin_patch-3
Update learning_by_example.rst
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Devin Neal
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Learning by Example
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===================
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You create videos in manim by writing :class:`~scene.scene.Scene` instances.
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``example_scenes.py`` contains a few simple ones that we can use to learn about
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manim. For instance, take ``SquareToCircle``.
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SquareToCircle
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--------------
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``example_scenes.py`` contains simple examples that we can use to learn about manim.
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Go ahead and try out the ``SquareToCircle`` scene by running it with ``$ manim example_scenes.py SquareToCircle -p``
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in manim directory.
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.. code-block:: python
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:linenos:
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from manimlib.imports import *
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class SquareToCircle(Scene):
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def construct(self):
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circle = Circle()
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@ -20,115 +26,106 @@ manim. For instance, take ``SquareToCircle``.
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self.play(Transform(square, circle))
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self.play(FadeOut(square))
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:meth:`~scene.scene.Scene.construct` specifies what is displayed on the screen
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when the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene` is rendered to video. You can render a
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:class:`~scene.scene.Scene` by running ``extract_scene.py``. Run ``python
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extract_scene.py -h`` to see how it's used.
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.. code-block:: none
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> python extract_scene.py -h
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usage: extract_scene.py [-h] [-p] [-w] [-s] [-l] [-m] [-g] [-f] [-t] [-q] [-a]
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[-o OUTPUT_NAME] [-n START_AT_ANIMATION_NUMBER]
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[-r RESOLUTION] [-c COLOR] [-d OUTPUT_DIRECTORY]
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file [scene_name]
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positional arguments:
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file path to file holding the python code for the scene
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scene_name Name of the Scene class you want to see
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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-p, --preview
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-w, --write_to_movie
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-s, --show_last_frame
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-l, --low_quality
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-m, --medium_quality
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-g, --save_pngs
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-f, --show_file_in_finder
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-t, --transparent
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-q, --quiet
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-a, --write_all
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-o OUTPUT_NAME, --output_name OUTPUT_NAME
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-n START_AT_ANIMATION_NUMBER, --start_at_animation_number START_AT_ANIMATION_NUMBER
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-r RESOLUTION, --resolution RESOLUTION
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-c COLOR, --color COLOR
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-d OUTPUT_DIRECTORY, --output_directory OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
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The most common flags are ``-p``, to automatically play the generated video,
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``-l``, to render in lower quality in favor of speed, and ``-s``, to show the
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last frame of the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene` for faster development. Run
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``python extract_scene.py example_scenes.py SquareToCircle -pl`` to produce a
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file called SquareToCircle.mp4 in the media directory that you have configured,
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and automatically play it.
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.. raw:: html
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<video width="560" height="315" controls>
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<source src="../_static/SquareToCircle.mp4" type="video/mp4">
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</video>
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<video width="560" height="315" controls>
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<source src="../_static/SquareToCircle.mp4" type="video/mp4">
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</video>
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Let's step through each line of the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene`. Lines 3 and 4
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instantiate a :class:`~mobject.geometry.Circle` and
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:class:`~mobject.geometry.Square`, respectively. Both of these subclass
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:class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject`, the base class for objects in manim. Note
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.. note::
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The flag ``-p`` plays the rendered video with default video player.
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Other frequently used flags are:
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* ``-l`` for rendering video in lower resolution (which renders faster)
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* ``-s`` to show the last frame of the video.
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Run ``manim -h`` all the available flags (``python -m manim -h`` if you installed it to a venv)
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Let's step through each line of ``SquareToCircle``
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.. code-block:: python
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:lineno-start: 3
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class SquareToCircle(Scene):
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You create videos in manim by writing :class:`~scene.scene.Scene` classes.
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Each :class:`~scene.scene.Scene` in manim is self-contained. That means everything
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you created under this scene does not exist outside the class.
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.. code-block:: python
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:lineno-start: 4
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def construct(self):
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:meth:`~scene.scene.Scene.construct` specifies what is displayed on the screen
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when the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene` is rendered to video.
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.. code-block:: python
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:lineno-start: 5
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circle = Circle()
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square = Square()
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``Circle()`` and ``Square()`` create :class:`~mobject.geometry.Circle` and :class:`~mobject.geometry.Square`.
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Both of these are instances of :class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` subclasses, the base class for objects in manim. Note
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that instantiating a :class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` does not add it to the
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:class:`~scene.scene.Scene`, so you wouldn't see anything if you were to render
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the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene` at this point.
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.. code-block:: python
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:linenos:
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:lineno-start: 3
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circle = Circle()
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square = Square()
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Lines 5, 6, and 7 apply various modifications to the mobjects before animating
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them. The call to :meth:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject.flip` on line 5 flips the
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:class:`~mobject.geometry.Square` across the RIGHT vector. This is equivalent
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to a refection across the x-axis. Then the call to
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:meth:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject.rotate` on line 6 rotates the
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:class:`~mobject.geometry.Square` 3/8ths of a full rotation counterclockwise.
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Finally, the call to :meth:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject.set_fill` on line 7 sets
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the fill color for the :class:`~mobject.geometry.Circle` to pink, and its
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opacity to 0.5.
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.. code-block:: python
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:linenos:
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:lineno-start: 5
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:lineno-start: 7
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square.flip(RIGHT)
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square.rotate(-3 * TAU / 8)
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circle.set_fill(PINK, opacity=0.5)
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Line 9 is the first to generate video.
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:class:`~animation.creation.ShowCreation`,
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:class:`~animation.transform.Transform`, and
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:class:`~animation.creation.FadeOut` are
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:class:`~animation.animation.Animation` instances. Each
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:class:`~animation.animation.Animation` takes one or more
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:class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` instances as arguments, which it animates
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when passed to :meth:`~scene.scene.Scene.play`. This is how video is typically
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created in manim. :class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` instances are automatically
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added to the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene` when they are animated. You can add a
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:class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` to the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene` manually
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by passing it as an argument to :meth:`~scene.scene.Scene.add`.
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``flip()`` ``rotate()`` ``set_fill()`` apply various modifications to the mobjects before animating
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them. The call to :meth:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject.flip` flips the
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:class:`~mobject.geometry.Square` across the RIGHT vector. This is equivalent
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to a refection across the x-axis.
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The call to :meth:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject.rotate` rotates the
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:class:`~mobject.geometry.Square` 3/8ths of a full rotation counterclockwise.
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The call to :meth:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject.set_fill` sets
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the fill color for the :class:`~mobject.geometry.Circle` to pink, and its opacity to 0.5.
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.. code-block:: python
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:linenos:
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:lineno-start: 9
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:lineno-start: 11
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self.play(ShowCreation(square))
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self.play(Transform(square, circle))
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self.play(FadeOut(square))
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:class:`~animation.creation.ShowCreation` draws a
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:class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` to the screen,
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:class:`~animation.transform.Transform` morphs one
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:class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` into another, and
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:class:`~animation.creation.FadeOut` fades a
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:class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` out of the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene`. Note
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that only the first argument to :class:`~animation.transform.Transform` is
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modified, and the second is not added to the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene`. After
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line 10 is executed ``square`` is a :class:`~mobject.geometry.Square` instance
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with the shape of a :class:`~mobject.geometry.Circle`.
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To generated animation, :class:`~animation.animation.Animation` classes are used.
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Each :class:`~animation.animation.Animation` takes one or more :class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` instances as arguments, which it animates
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when passed to :meth:`~scene.scene.Scene.play`. This is how video is typically
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created in manim.
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:class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` instances are automatically
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added to the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene` when they are animated. You can add a
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:class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` to the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene` manually
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by passing it as an argument to :meth:`~scene.scene.Scene.add`.
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:class:`~animation.creation.ShowCreation` draws a :class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` to the screen.
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:class:`~animation.transform.Transform` morphs one :class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` into another.
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:class:`~animation.creation.FadeOut` fades a :class:`~mobject.mobject.Mobject` out of the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene`.
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.. note::
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Only the first argument to :class:`~animation.transform.Transform` is modified,
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the second is not added to the :class:`~scene.scene.Scene`. :class:`~animation.tranform.Transform`
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only changes the appearance but not the underlying properties.
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After the call to ``transform()`` ``square`` is still a :class:`~mobject.geometry.Square` instance
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but with the shape of :class:`~mobject.geometry.Circle`.
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@ -1,4 +1,12 @@
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Mac
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===
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A stub for mac installation
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The simplest way to install the system dependencies on Mac OS X is with Homebrew.
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Mac come preinstalled with python2, but to use manim, python3 is required
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1. Install python3 https://docs.python.org/3/using/mac.html
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2. Install Cairo: ``brew install cairo``
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3. Install Sox: ``brew install sox``
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4. Install ffmpeg: ``brew install ffmpeg``
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5. Install latex (MiKTeX): https://miktex.org/howto/install-miktex-mac
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6. Install manimlib ``pip install manimlib`` (or ``pip install --user manimlib`` to just yourself)
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