mirror of
https://github.com/3b1b/manim.git
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VariableProofOfWork in crypto
This commit is contained in:
Grant Sanderson
parent
9edccb116e
commit
1951457b89
2 changed files with 334 additions and 14 deletions
347
crypto.py
347
crypto.py
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@ -159,11 +159,11 @@ class AskQuestion(Scene):
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self.dither(self.time_per_char*n_spaces)
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self.dither(2)
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class BitcoinPaperHighlightTitle(ExternallyAnimatedScene):
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pass
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# class BitcoinPaperHighlightTitle(ExternallyAnimatedScene):
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# pass
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class TimeBitcoinCover(ExternallyAnimatedScene):
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pass
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# class TimeBitcoinCover(ExternallyAnimatedScene):
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# pass
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class ListOfAttributes(Scene):
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def construct(self):
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@ -217,14 +217,85 @@ class UnknownAuthor(Scene):
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)
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self.dither()
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class NameCryptoCurrencies(TeacherStudentsScene):
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class DisectQuestion(TeacherStudentsScene):
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def construct(self):
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words = TextMobject("It's called a", "``cryptocurrency''")
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words.highlight_by_tex("cryptocurrency", YELLOW)
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self.teacher_says(words)
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self.hold_up_question()
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self.list_topics()
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self.isolate_you()
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def hold_up_question(self):
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question = TextMobject(
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"What does it mean to", "have", "a", "Bitcoin?"
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)
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question.highlight_by_tex("have", YELLOW)
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question.next_to(self.teacher, UP)
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question.to_edge(RIGHT, buff = LARGE_BUFF)
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question.save_state()
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question.shift(DOWN)
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question.set_fill(opacity = 0)
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self.play(
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self.teacher.change, "raise_right_hand",
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question.restore
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)
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self.change_student_modes(*["pondering"]*3)
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self.dither()
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self.bitcoin_word = question.get_part_by_tex("Bitcoin")
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def list_topics(self):
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topics = TextMobject(
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"Digital signatures, ",
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"Proof of work, ",
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"Cryptographic hash functions, \\dots"
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)
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topics.scale_to_fit_width(2*SPACE_WIDTH - LARGE_BUFF)
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topics.to_edge(UP)
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topics.highlight_by_tex("Digital", BLUE)
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topics.highlight_by_tex("Proof", GREEN)
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topics.highlight_by_tex("hash", YELLOW)
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for word in topics:
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anims = [Write(word, run_time = 1)]
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self.change_student_modes(
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*["confused"]*3,
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added_anims = anims,
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look_at_arg = word
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)
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def isolate_you(self):
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self.pi_creatures = VGroup()
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you = self.students[1]
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rect = FullScreenFadeRectangle()
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words = TextMobject("Invent your own")
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arrow = Arrow(UP, DOWN)
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arrow.next_to(you, UP)
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words.next_to(arrow, UP)
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self.play(FadeIn(rect), Animation(you))
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self.play(
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Write(words),
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ShowCreation(arrow),
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you.change, "erm", words
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)
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self.play(Blink(you))
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self.dither()
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class CryptocurrencyEquation(Scene):
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def construct(self):
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parts = TextMobject(
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"Ledger",
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"- Trust",
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"+ Cryptography",
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"= Cryptocurrency"
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)
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VGroup(*parts[-1][1:]).highlight(YELLOW)
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parts.scale_to_fit_width(2*SPACE_WIDTH - LARGE_BUFF)
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for part in parts:
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self.play(FadeIn(part))
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self.dither(2)
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class CryptocurrencyMarketCaps(ExternallyAnimatedScene):
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pass
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@ -250,9 +321,6 @@ class Hype(TeacherStudentsScene):
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)
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self.dither(3)
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class AskQuestionCopy(AskQuestion):
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pass
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class LedgerScene(PiCreatureScene):
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CONFIG = {
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"ledger_width" : 6,
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@ -3800,7 +3868,6 @@ class AliceRacesOtherMiners(DoubleSpendingAttack):
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ff_arrow.target[1].shift(dist*UP)
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ff_arrow.target.points[-2:] += dist*UP
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self.revert_to_original_skipping_status()
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self.play(
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Broadcast(block),
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*[
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@ -3837,8 +3904,9 @@ class AliceRacesOtherMiners(DoubleSpendingAttack):
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"Alice", "Miners", "Miners"
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]
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self.revert_to_original_skipping_status()
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for winner in winners:
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self.dither(2)
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self.dither()
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if winner == "Alice":
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block = self.fraud_block
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prev_block = last_fraud_block
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@ -3867,7 +3935,9 @@ class AliceRacesOtherMiners(DoubleSpendingAttack):
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else:
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last_valid_block = block_copy
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anims.append(Broadcast(block, run_time = 2))
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self.proofs_of_work.remove(block.proof_of_work)
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self.play(*anims)
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self.proofs_of_work.add(block.proof_of_work)
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#####
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@ -3907,6 +3977,257 @@ class AliceRacesOtherMiners(DoubleSpendingAttack):
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result.scale_to_fit_width(0.8*block.get_width())
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result.move_to(block)
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return result
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class WhenToTrustANewBlock(DistributedBlockChainScene):
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def construct(self):
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chain = self.block_chain = self.get_block_chain()
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chain.scale(2)
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chain.to_edge(LEFT)
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self.add(chain)
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words = map(TextMobject, [
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"Don't trust yet",
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"Still don't trust",
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"...a little more...",
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"Maybe trust",
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"Probably safe",
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"Alright, you're good."
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])
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colors = [RED, RED, YELLOW, YELLOW, GREEN, GREEN]
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self.add_new_block()
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arrow = Arrow(UP, DOWN, color = RED)
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arrow.next_to(chain.blocks[-1], UP)
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for word, color in zip(words, colors):
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word.highlight(color)
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word.next_to(arrow, UP)
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word = words[0]
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self.play(
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FadeIn(word),
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ShowCreation(arrow)
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)
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for new_word in words[1:]:
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kwargs = {
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"run_time" : 3,
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"rate_func" : squish_rate_func(smooth, 0.7, 1)
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}
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self.add_new_block(
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Transform(word, new_word, **kwargs),
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ApplyMethod(
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arrow.highlight, new_word.get_color(),
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**kwargs
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)
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)
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self.dither(2)
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def get_block(self):
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block = DistributedBlockChainScene.get_block(self)
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tuples = [
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("Prev hash", UP, BLUE),
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("Proof of work", DOWN, GREEN),
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]
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for word, vect, color in tuples:
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mob = TextMobject(word)
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mob.highlight(color)
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mob.scale_to_fit_height(0.07*block.get_height())
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mob.next_to(
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block.get_edge_center(vect), -vect,
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buff = 0.06*block.get_height()
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)
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block.add(mob)
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attr = word.lower().replace(" ", "_")
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setattr(block, attr, mob)
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transactions = TextMobject("$\\langle$Transactions$\\rangle$")
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transactions.scale_to_fit_width(0.8*block.get_width())
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transactions.move_to(block)
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block.add(transactions)
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return block
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def add_new_block(self, *added_anims):
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blocks = self.block_chain.blocks
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arrows = self.block_chain.arrows
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block = blocks[-1].copy()
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arrow = arrows[-1].copy()
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VGroup(block, arrow).next_to(blocks[-1], RIGHT, buff = 0)
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corner = SPACE_WIDTH*RIGHT + SPACE_HEIGHT*UP
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block.save_state()
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block.next_to(corner, UP+RIGHT)
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self.play(
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Broadcast(block),
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ApplyMethod(
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block.restore,
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run_time = 3,
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rate_func = squish_rate_func(smooth, 0.3, 0.8),
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),
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ShowCreation(
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arrow,
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run_time = 3,
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rate_func = squish_rate_func(smooth, 0.7, 1),
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),
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*added_anims
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)
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arrows.add(arrow)
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blocks.add(block)
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class VariableProofOfWork(WhenToTrustANewBlock):
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CONFIG = {
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"block_height" : 3,
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"block_width" : 3,
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"n_guesses" : 60,
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"n_proof_of_work_digits" : 11,
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"n_miners" : 6,
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}
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def construct(self):
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self.add_miner_and_hash()
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self.change_requirement()
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self.add_more_miners()
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def add_miner_and_hash(self):
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miner = PiCreature(color = GREY)
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miner.scale(0.7)
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miner.to_edge(LEFT)
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block = self.get_block()
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block.next_to(miner, RIGHT)
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old_proof_of_work = block.proof_of_work
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proof_of_work = self.get_rand_int_mob()
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proof_of_work.replace(old_proof_of_work, dim_to_match = 1)
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block.remove(old_proof_of_work)
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block.add(proof_of_work)
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block.proof_of_work = proof_of_work
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arrow = Arrow(LEFT, RIGHT)
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arrow.next_to(block)
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sha_tex = TextMobject("SHA256")
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sha_tex.scale(0.7)
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sha_tex.next_to(arrow, UP, SMALL_BUFF)
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sha_tex.highlight(YELLOW)
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arrow.add(sha_tex)
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digest = sha256_tex_mob("Random")
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digest.next_to(arrow.get_end(), RIGHT)
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miner.change("pondering", digest)
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self.add(miner, block, arrow, digest)
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for x in range(self.n_guesses):
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new_pow = self.get_rand_int_mob()
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new_pow.replace(proof_of_work, dim_to_match = 1)
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Transform(proof_of_work, new_pow).update(1)
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if x == self.n_guesses-1:
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n_zeros = 60
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else:
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n_zeros = 0
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new_digest = sha256_tex_mob(str(x+1), n_zeros)
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new_digest.replace(digest)
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Transform(digest, new_digest).update(1)
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self.dither(1./20)
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proof_of_work.highlight(GREEN)
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VGroup(*digest[:60]).highlight(YELLOW)
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self.miner = miner
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self.block = block
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self.arrow = arrow
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self.digest = digest
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def change_requirement(self):
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digest = self.digest
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requirement = TextMobject(
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"Must start with \\\\",
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"60", "zeros"
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)
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requirement.next_to(digest, UP, MED_LARGE_BUFF)
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self.n_zeros_mob = requirement.get_part_by_tex("60")
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self.n_zeros_mob.highlight(YELLOW)
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self.play(Write(requirement, run_time = 2))
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self.dither(2)
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for n_zeros in 30, 32, 35, 37, 42:
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self.change_challenge(n_zeros)
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self.dither()
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def add_more_miners(self):
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miner = self.miner
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block = self.block
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miner_block = VGroup(miner, block)
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target = miner_block.copy()
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target[1].scale(
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0.5, about_point = miner.get_right()
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)
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copies = VGroup(*[
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target.copy()
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for x in range(self.n_miners - 1)
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])
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everyone = VGroup(target, *copies)
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everyone.arrange_submobjects(DOWN)
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everyone.scale_to_fit_height(2*SPACE_HEIGHT - LARGE_BUFF)
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everyone.to_corner(UP+LEFT)
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self.play(Transform(miner_block, target))
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self.play(LaggedStart(FadeIn, copies))
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self.change_challenge(72)
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self.dither(2)
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###
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def change_challenge(self, n_zeros):
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digest = self.digest
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proof_of_work = self.block.proof_of_work
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n_zeros_mob = self.n_zeros_mob
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new_digest = sha256_tex_mob(str(n_zeros), n_zeros)
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new_digest.move_to(digest)
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VGroup(*new_digest[:n_zeros]).highlight(YELLOW)
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new_n_zeros_mob = TexMobject(str(n_zeros))
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new_n_zeros_mob.move_to(n_zeros_mob)
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new_n_zeros_mob.highlight(n_zeros_mob.get_color())
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new_pow = self.get_rand_int_mob()
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new_pow.replace(proof_of_work, dim_to_match = 1)
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new_pow.highlight(proof_of_work.get_color())
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self.play(
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Transform(n_zeros_mob, new_n_zeros_mob),
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Transform(
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digest, new_digest,
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submobject_mode = "lagged_start"
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),
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Transform(proof_of_work, new_pow),
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)
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def get_rand_int_mob(self):
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e = self.n_proof_of_work_digits
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return Integer(random.randint(10**e, 10**(e+1)))
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class CompareBLockTimes(Scene):
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def construct(self):
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pass
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@ -125,7 +125,6 @@ class Mobject(object):
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mob.points += total_vector
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return self
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def scale(self, scale_factor, about_point = None):
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if about_point is not None:
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self.shift(-about_point)
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